Geothermal Power Plant

Leader: Besinga
Members: Agapay
Morala
Pait
Polinar
 What is geothermal energy?
• The word geothermal comes from the Greek
words ge (earth) and thermos (heat).
• is the energy stored as heat underneath the
surface of the earth.
• It is a renewable energy source.
• Can be used to generate electricity.
 Use of Geothermal Energy
There are three main types of geothermal
energy systems:
• Direct use and district heating systems
• Electricity generation power plants
• Geothermal heat pumps
 Direct use and district heating
systems
• Geothermal energy is also used to heat
buildings through district heating systems. Hot
water near the earth's surface is piped directly
into buildings for heat.
• Industrial applications of geothermal energy
include food dehydration, gold mining, and
milk pasteurizing. Dehydration or the drying of
vegetable and fruit products, is the most
common industrial use of geothermal energy
 Geothermal heat pumps
• use the constant temperatures near the
surface of the earth to heat and cool
buildings. Geothermal heat pumps transfer
heat from the ground (or water) into buildings
during the winter and reverse the process in
the summer.
 Geothermal electricity generation
• The Philippines ranks second to the United
States in producing geothermal energy.
• Geothermal electricity generation requires
water or steam at high temperatures (300° to
700°F).
• Plants are generally built where geothermal
reservoirs are located, within a mile or two of
the earth's surface.
 Geothermal Power Plants
• Use hydrothermal resources that have both water
(hydro) and heat (thermal).
• Is considered to be a sustainable, renewable
source of energy.
• Limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries.
• The greenhouse gas emissions of geothermal
electric stations are on average 45 grams
of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour of electricity,
or less than 5 percent of that of conventional
coal-fired plants.
Geothermal electricity generation in
several countries
Capacity Capacity Percentage of national Percentage of global
Country
(MW) (MW) electricity production geothermal production
United States 2687 3086 0.3 29
Philippines 1969.7 1904 27 18
Indonesia 992 1197 3.7 11
Mexico 953 958 3 9
Italy 810.5 843 1.5 8
New Zealand 471.6 628 10 6
Iceland 421.2 575 30 5
Japan 535.2 536 0.1 5
Iran 250 250
El Salvador 204.2 204 25

Kenya 128.8 167 11.2

Costa Rica 162.5 166 14

Nicaragua 87.4 88 10
Russia 79 82
Turkey 38 82
Papua-New
56 56
Guinea
Guatemala 53 52
Portugal 23 29
China 27.8 24
France 14.7 16
Ethiopia 7.3 7.3
Germany 8.4 6.6
Austria 1.1 1.4
Australia 0.2 1.1
Thailand 0.3 0.3
TOTAL 9981.9 10959.7
Types of geothermal power plants
There are three basic types of geothermal power plants:
• Dry steam plants - use steam directly from a
geothermal reservoir to turn generator turbines.
• Flash steam plants - take high-pressure hot water from
deep inside the earth and convert it to steam to drive
generator turbines. When the steam cools, it
condenses to water and is injected back into the
ground to be used again.
• Binary cycle power plants - transfer the heat from
geothermal hot water to another liquid. The heat
causes the second liquid to turn to steam, which is
used to drive a generator turbine.
 Dry Steam Plant
• Dry Steam Power Plant: Uses the
superheated, pressurized steam (180°-
350°C)
 Flash Steam Plant
• Flash Steam Power Plant: use hot water
above 182°C (360°F) from geothermal
reservoirs.
 Binary Cycle Power Plant
– Insufficiently hot resource to efficiently
produce steam
– Too many chemical impurities to allow
flashing.
 Geothermal Power Plant in the
Philippines
POWER PLANT CAPACITY, MW LOCATION

Number OWNER DATE

OPERATOR
of Unit/s TYPE COMMISIONED
FACILITY NAME SUBTYPE INSTALLED DEPENDABLE MUN/PROV

Flash/Binary Type Steam NON-

MAKBAN 442.8 420 10 Calauan, Laguna AP Renewable Inc. Apr-79
recovery NPC/IPP
NON-
BACMAN Flash Type Steam recovery 130 130 3 Bacon, Sorsogon Bac.Man Geothermal Inc. Sep-93
NPC/IPP
NON-
TIWI Flash Type Steam recovery 234 207.9 5 Tiwi, Albay AP Renewable Inc. Jan-79
NPC/IPP
Flash/Binary Type Steam NON-
MAKBAN-BINARY 6 5.4 1 Bitin bay, Laguna AP Renewable Inc. Apr-79
recovery NPC/IPP
NON-
MAIBARARA Flash Type Steam recovery 20 19 1 Sto. Tomas, Batangas Maibarara Geothermal Inc. Feb-14
NPC/IPP
NON-
LEYTE GPP Flash Type Steam recovery 112.5 112 3 Tongonan, Leyte Green Core Energy Mar-83 / Jun-83
NPC/IPP
Energy Development NON-
NASULO GPP Flash Type Steam recovery 49.4 47.5 1 Nasulo, Negros Occidental Sep-14
Corporation NPC/IPP

NON- May / Jul / Aug

PALINPINON GPP Flash Type Steam recovery 192.5 172 7 Valencia, Negros Oriental Green Core Energy
NPC/IPP 1983

Energy Development
UNIFIED LEYTE Flash Type Steam recovery 610.2 538 18 Tongonan, Leyte NPC-IPP Jul 1996 / 1997
Corporation
Kidapawan, North Energy Development NON-
MT APO Flash Type Steam recovery 108.5 100 2 Dec-96
Cotabato Corporation NPC/IPP
 Energy Development Corporation
• is a global geothermal energy industry pioneer and the recognized
world leader in wet steam field technology.
• is the Philippines’ largest vertically-integrated geothermal
developer, delivering 1,457.8MW of clean and renewable energy to
the country.
• almost forty years of geothermal mastery.
• has become the leading geothermal energy producer in the
Philippines through the successful development and operation of
numerous geothermal energy projects
• indirect wholly owned subsidiary Green Core Geothermal, Inc.,
operates the 192.5MW Palinpinon and 112.5MW Tongonan
geothermal power plants and Bacman Geothermal, Inc., operates
the 130MW Bacman geothermal power plant.
 AP Renewable Inc.
• a wholly owned subsidiary of Aboitiz
Renewables, Inc. (ARI)
• one of the country’s leading renewable power
companies
• owns and operates the 289-MW Tiwi
geothermal plant in Albay and the 458-MW
MakBan geothermal plant in Laguna and
Batangas
 Maibarara Geothermal Inc.
• operates the Maibarara Geothermal Power
Project (MGPP)under a joint venture agreement
with Trans-Asia Oil and Energy Development
Corporation and PNOC Renewables Corporation
(PNOC RC)
• was formed with a capitalization of PhP 1.125
billion with the following shareholding interests:
PetroGreen Energy Corporation (PGEC) – 65%,
Trans-Asia Oil – 25%, and PNOC-RC – 10%
• a wholly-owned subsidiary of publicly-
listed PetroEnergy Resources Corporation (PERC).
 Environmental Impact
• Fluids drawn from the deep earth carry a mixture of gases,
notably carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane
(CH4), ammonia (NH3) and radon (Rn). These pollutants contribute
to global warming, acid rain, radiation and noxious smells if
released. Plants that experience high levels of acids and volatile
chemicals are usually equipped with emission-control systems to
reduce the exhaust.
• Hot water from geothermal sources may hold in solution trace
amounts of toxic chemicals, such as mercury, arsenic, boron,
antimony, and salt. These chemicals come out of solution as the
water cools, and can cause environmental damage if released. The
modern practice of injecting geothermal fluids back into the Earth
to stimulate production has the side benefit of reducing this
environmental risk.
• Plant construction can adversely affect land stability