• Basic Jarring Rules.

• Jar Operations
• Accelerators
•Jar placement in vertical
•and deviated wells
 Drilling Jars
What is a Jar?
• A drilling jar is a telescoping tool
consisting of:
inner mandrel (hammer)
outer housing (anvil)
• Allows static energy to be stored
in drill pipe (overpull / stretch).
• Releases the stored energy after
a pre-determined force is applied.
• Converts static energy into kinetic
energy during free stroke.
• Limited free stroke allows hammer
to impact anvil creating jarring
force.
 How Does the Jar Work?
• Sudden stop of accelerated mass creates a “JARRING” or impact
force against the stuck section.
• The “JARRING” or impact force amplifies the existing force
several times.
• Free stroke of jar turns static energy into kinetic energy.
 MECHANICAL JARS
Polished Stem Upper Connector Jay Rollers Torque Spring Lower Packing Body

Barrel Washpipe
Upper Jay Spring Lower
Packing Body Stem Stem Connector

HYDRAULIC JARS
Upper Lower
Spline Up Down Pressure Pressure Pressure Balance Bottom
Mandrel Anvil Anvil Piston Housing Piston Piston Connector
Hammer

Spline Connector Flow Wash Piston

Triggering
Housing Housing Mandrel Mandrel Stop
Valve
 Mechanical Drilling Jars
Advantages:
• Locked in position until needed.
• Less restriction to location in BHA.
• Will not jar unexpectedly tripping.
• No special procedures required when
tripping in or out of the hole.
• No safety collar or special handling
procedures required on rig floor.
• Minimal wear during normal drilling.
Disadvantages:
• Cannot vary jarring force down hole
• Fires immediately as lock setting is
overcome, jarring may damage
hoisting equipment.
• Rotary type affected by torque.
 How Does it Work?
MECHANICAL

Impact
Over pull Mass accelerates
upward

Locked or “cocked” Acceleration Impact

position
 Hydraulic Drilling Jars
Advantages:
• Jarring force can be changed down hole by
changing the amount of over pull.
• Time delay allows brake to be applied to protect
hoisting equipment.
Disadvantages:
• Will jar unexpectedly when tripping or picking up
singles.
• Restricted to location in BHA. Must usually be run
in tension.
• Requires special procedures when tripping in or
out of hole.
• Safety collar required when handling on rig floor.
• Axial movement while drilling accelerates wear.
• Reputation for failing after prolonged jarring.
 How Does it Work?
HYDRAULIC

apply over pull

restrictor limits
flow of oil
high pressure
balanced
pressure
low pressure

Cocked Metering
 How Does it Work?
HYDRAULIC
Mass accelerates
upward

Impact =
2 – 5 x over pull

Restrictor reaches
by-pass area
and “releases”
mandrel

Release & acceleration Impact

 Jar Placement Efficiency.
Impact and Impulse
• Impact.
– The measure of the force generated at the stuck
point.
– Dependant on the velocity and the mass above the
Jar.
– More velocity = more impact
• Impulse
– The product of the impact force multiplied by the
time the impact lasts.
– The amount of energy created to cause displace or
movement.
– Generally impulse is the more important factor then impact.
 The Jarring Forces.
Which is better…high peak force (impact) or high impulse?
• High impulse.
– Better for differential sticking as it takes a long hard pull to free
the string.

• High impact.
– Better for mechanical sticking as it requires a sharp impact for
fracturing rock or breaking through.

The “Jarring Trade-Off”

• A force of long duration (impulse) will not move the stuck section if
the peak force (impact) does not exceed the sticking force.
• A peak force (impact) that exceeds the sticking force but lasts only
for a short time will not cause sufficient movement in the stuck
section.
Since it generally unknown what you’ll have, it is desirable to
optimize the two events.
 Energy Equation
Shock waves travel
up and down the string
and magnify the jar blow
by the ratio of the mass just
above the jar to the mass of the
rest of the string above
Example
Amplification factor= 4.5
Jar size 61/4x 23/4
Drill pipe 4 1/2 ,16 lbs/ft.
Drill collars 61/4- 93.5lb/ft
Where E is the energy available to perform
the impact work and accelerates the jar weight
W to the velocity V, which is exponential in value.
The jar impact blow in pounds is determined by
the ratio of the jar mass to the drill string mass.
Known as the
AMPLICATION FACTOR.
Amplification factor M = WT/FT DC X 0.799
WT/FT DRILLING
0.799 = Empirical Factor obtained by comparing
theoretical impact calculations to measured ones.
JAR LOAD [ L] SAY 100,000LBS JAR BLOW [f]
= 4.5 X100,000lbs OR 450000 LBS OF IMPACT
BLOW
Reasons for jars not tripping
 DOWN JAR BLOW. Tripping a
Hydraulic Jar.
• After cocking the jar,
slack off to the weight 1 The string is raised.
indicator load. 2 The jar cocks.
• Lock down the brake 3 Weight is slacked off
and wait for the correct 4 Jar trips.
8” 5 BHA mass accelerates.
jar time to elapse. 6 Impact is delivered.
• If the jar does not trip ,
stop pumping and
bleed trapped pressure.
Re cock jar.
• If the jar still does not
trip, slack off more
weight and allow more
time.
 UP-JAR BLOW. Tripping a
Hydraulic Jar.
• After cocking the jar, pickup to the
calculated weight indicator load. 1 Weight is slacked off
2 Jar cocks.
3 Drillstring stretches as
• Lock down the brake and wait for
tension is applied.
the jar time delay to elapse. See
5 Jar latch trips.
your jar manual (30–60 sec short 8” 5 Drillstring contracts.
cycle, 2-8 min long cycle)
6 BHA mass is accelerated
7 Impact is delivered
• If the jar does not trip, circulate at
maximum rate and allow
additional time (do not apply
trapped pressure)

• If the jar still does not trip, stop

pumping and re-cock the jar and
apply trip load.
 Jar Down Blow Mechanical Drilling Jars
• After cocking the jar slack off to the
V
Open
Inner 8”
Mandrel Cocked
calculated weight indicator load. 8”
V Close
Outer
• No time delay needed. Latch will trip Barrel
Spline
when the preset load is applied. Drive

• If the jar does not trip slack off an

additional 10,000 - 20,000 lbs.
Latch
Mechanism
Jar Up Blow
Wash
• After cocking pick up the calculated Pipe
Lower
weight indicator load. Seal

• If jars do not trip. Increase circulating

pressure to maximise pump force.

• If the jar does not trip pick up additional

weight 10,000 – 20,000 lbs.
Pressure
PUMP OPEN FORCE
Pressure

Area

Area

Force

Force
 Pump Open Force
• POF effects cocking the
jars.
• Cocking from open more
Lower
Seal Circulation
Pressure
difficult closed easier. 2000 phi

Advantage: Wash Pipe

• Less string tension

required for up blow.
Disadvantage:
• More set down weight
required to jar down.
• Reduced pump pressure Bottom of Wash pipe area Pressure Drop = 2000 psi
when jarring down. 10 sq in Wash pipe Area = X 10 sq in
P/O Force = 20,000 lbs
 WEIR-HOUSTON JAR -PUMP OPEN FORCE CHART
Hydra-Jar Extension Force x 1000

70
4.25" Jar
60
4.75" Jar
50 6.25 - 6.75" Jar
7.75 - 8" Jar
40
lbs

30

20

10

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Differential Pressure - Inside Jar to Outside Jar
 Reasons for Jars not tripping
• Jars not cocked.
• Not waiting long enough
(hydraulic only).
• Stuck above jars.
• Pump open force not
considered (jarring
down).
• Pick up/slack off not
considered.
• Excessive drag.
 Drilling Accelerator
Inner
Mandrel
Advantages Spline
Drive
• Intensifies jar blow. Outer
Barrel

• Compensates for
excessive drag in high Nitrogen

Overpull
(2000 psi)

angle holes.
• Protects string and
surface equipment from Lower
Seal

high impact loads. Wash

Pipe

• Compensates for
insufficient drill string
stretch.
 Jar Placement
Information requirements for
placement:
• Detailed BHA information
• Sizes
• Wt per foot
• Lengths
• Anticipated stuck point (if any)
• Drill pipe size and weight
• Mud weight
• Circulation rates
• WOB ranges
• Max. available over pull
• Well path information for all
hole sizes
• Torque and drag calculations
 Jar Placement Guidelines.
• To avoid unintentional jarring, the jar must be run in the latched
position at all times.
• Do not place the jar directly between drill collars of different
diameters.
• Do not place tools of larger diameter above jar (Stabs, Reamers
etc.)
• A minimum of two drill collars should be placed between the jar
and top stabilizer.
• The jar can be run in tension or compression.
• Maximum jarring effectiveness is usually obtained by placing the
jar as close as possible to the anticipated stuck point.
• For differential sticking applications place the jar high in the BHA
to avoid becoming stuck above the jar (preferable in HWDP).
• For mechanical sticking applications place the jar relatively low
in the BHA ensure that sufficient mass is above the jar to release
the jars down latch.
 Placement Variables.
• Anticipated type of sticking:
- mechanical
- differential
• Anticipated stuck point:
- at bit
- in stabilization
- in drill collars/heavyweight drill pipe
• Forces on the Jar while drilling:
- tension or compression
- neutral point (range)
- WOB range
- pump open force
• Forces on the Jar while tripping:
- weight below the jar
- pump open force
- dynamic forces (hoisting, setting slips, etc.)
- wall drag
• Forces required during Jarring:
- overpull available to jar up (length and size of drill pipe)
- mass above jar to fire down
• Hydraulics:
- differential pressure at the jar
- bit pressure drop
- mud properties
Upper Limit (Tension) Look at
mechanical jars:

 For jarring effectiveness

 A concentrated mass of at least 3 DC or

equivalent mass of HWDP is required
above the jar

 Available weight to jar down

 Load through jar when tripping

 Neutral Point
• The point in a drill string where the axial load is equal to
zero. Example: using 20 - 6 1/2” Drill Collars
= 600 ft x 100 lbs/ft = 60,000 lbs
 Example:
- 630 ft of 6 1/2” DC
- WPF = 99.3 lbs / ft
- WOB=42,500 lbs
- 10 ppg mud
- BF = .8472
- P bit = 1000 psi
630 ft - pump open force
= 9,600 lbs
Neutral Point

Neutral Point = WOB

505 ft WPFxBF

= 42500 lbs
99.3 x .8472

42,500 lbs WOB

= 505 ft from bit
 Upper Limit (Tension)
 A concentrated mass of at least 3 DC or
90 ft equivalent mass of HWDP is required
above the jar
 This will place the jar 90 feet from the top
of the BHA or 35 feet from the Neutral
630 ft Point.

35 ft Jarring down.
 There must be sufficient weight above the jar
Neutral Point
to release the down latch
505 ft
 Typical latch setting for the
6 1/2” jar is 40,000 lbs
 With 90 feet of DC’s above the jar the
amount of weight required from the DP is:
=40,000 lbs-(90 ft x 99.3 x .8472)
=32,400 lbs
 Lower Limit (Compression)
 Look at:
load through jar while
drilling (should not exceed
50%of down latch)
 Proximity to stabilization
238 ft minimum 2 DC above top stab.
Neutral  Typical down latch setting for
Point 6 1/2” jar = 40,000 lbs
505 ft
 Max. recommended load through jar
=40,000lbs x 50% = 20,000 lbs

267 ft Lower limit (from Neutral point)

= max. recommended load
DC weight per foot x BF
=20,000 lbs
99.3 lbs ft x .8472
=238 ft from neutral point
or 267 ft from the bit
 Upper Limit (Tripping Loads)
 To ensure the jar remains in the latched position
while tripping the load through the jar should not
exceed 75% of the up latch setting.
 The load through the jar while tripping is the sum of
the weight below the jar, estimated drag and the
pump open force.
630 ft  The standard up latch setting for the 6 1/2” jar is
90,000 lbs
 75% of 90,000lbs = 67,500 lbs
 Weight below jar:
540 ft =540 ft x 99.3 lbs/ft x .8472
=45,428 lbs
 Pump open force (POF) @ 1000 psi = 9600 lbs
 Estimated drag = 10,000 lbs
 Load through jar while tripping:
=Weight below+POF+Drag
=45,428lbs+9600lbs+10,000lbs
=65,000 lbs
Placement Relative to Stabilization
Griffith/ Hydro Mechanical jar?
The following information must be available to place and operate the jar:
• The up and down latch and delay as marked on the tool
• Buoyed weight of the drill string above and below the jar
• Differential pressure at the jar.
• Estimated wall drag.

The Jar is operated by the simple up and down motion of the drill string.

 Determine the free string weight above the jar.

 Determine the pump open force at the jar.
 Jarring Up
 Calculate minimum and maximum over pull above the free string weight by subtracting the
pump open force from both the up-latch setting and the maximum load during hydraulic delay.
 apply calculated over pull, set the draw works brake and wait the noted delay time for the jar to
fire.
 Lower the drill string until the weight indicator reads less than the free string weight, indicating
that the latch is reset and ready for another jarring cycle.
 Jarring Down
 Add the pump open force to the down latch to determine the slack-off from free string weight.
 lower the drill string until the calculated amount of weight is slacked off, causing the jar to fire
down.
 raise the drill string until the weight indicator shows an increase above the free string weight,
indicating the jar is reset and ready for another jarring cycle.
Recommended Operating Range
6 1/4” - 6 1/2” GRIFFITH HYDRAULIC/ MECHANICAL DRILLING JAR

Series :339
Tool OD :6.25/6.50 in
Tool ID :2.25 in
Maximum Recommended Hole Diameter :9 7/8 in
Standard Mechanical Latch Setting :UP 90,000 lbs
:DWN 40,000 lbs
Pump Open Area :9.60 sq.in.
Maximum Tensile Load After Jarring :755,000 lbs
1) If latch forces are not exceeded, jar will remain latched in the neutral position.
To provide a safety factor during normal drilling activities, load on jar should
not exceed fifty percent of up or down latch settings.
2) Horizontal line from load on Jar should intersect vertical line from pressure
drop at jar within non-shaded area.
3) Observe maximum over pull during hydraulic delay.
 180

160

MAXIMUM OVERPULL
140
DURING HYDRAULIC
DELAY
120
LOAD
ON JAR 100
(1000 Lbs)
80
MECHANICAL LATCH
RELEASE UP
60
TENSION

40
50% OF UP
20 LATCH
RECOMMENDED OPERATING
RANGE WHILE DRILLING
0

20

40 50% OF DOWN
LATCH
COMPRESSION
60 MECHANICAL LATCH
RELEASE DOWN
80
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
How Do You Use It?

Free String Weight Above Jar = 201,960 lbs.

Pump Open Force = 9,600 lbs.
Up latch = 90,000 lbs
Max Load during Hyd. Delay = 160,000 lbs

Min Over pull = 90,000 – 9,600 + 20,1960

= 282,360 lbs.

Max Over pull = 160,000 – 9,600 +201,960

= 352,360 lbs.

Pump Open Force = 9,000 lbs.

Downlatch = 40,000 lbs
Slack-off = 40,000 + 9,600 lbs. = 49,600 lbs.
 Jar Size and Placement Guidelines
 Match the jar and accelerator OD to the OD od the BHA section the component will be placed in (i.e., use 8” jar in
8” collar section, 6-1/2” accelerator in the HWDP section). Use the largest jar size (OD) for the hole size.

Jar Size Hole Size

9” 17-1/2” and larger
8” 12-1/4 to 17-1/2”
6-1/2” 8-3/4” to 12-1/4”
4-1/2” 6-1/2” to 7-1/8”

 Place the jar and accelerator 5000 lbs of BHA weight above the neutral zone to avoid premature wear.

 If the drilling jar assembly is not equipped with an accelerator, optimise the jar position for a 70% probability of
down jarring.

 Visually inspect jars each trip for any indications of damage, loose connections, excessive wear, or leakage.

 Caution should be exercised not to run the jar directly between drill collars and heavy weight drill pipe, and directly
between stabilisers or collar strings of different OD sizes.

 Do not run hydraulic drilling jars in close proximity to other hydralic drilling jars.

 Do not run a stabiliser or key seat wiper above the jar to avoid becomng stuck above the jar.

 If the jar is run in compression, place the jar where the BHA weight above the jar (required for bit weight) does not
exceed pump open force at normal circulating pressure. The jar will remain in the open position (if circulation is
maintained) even with full bit weight supplied.

 If the jar is run in compression, consider using a jar model that is internally counter balanced. The increased pump
open force will hold the jar in the open position while drilling.
 Drilling Jar / Accelerator Placement Worksheet
(0o – 60o)
Hole Angle at BHA: __________o BF___________ X AF__________ X 93 = Wt Factor:__________
1. 45o < hole angle, select a mechanical jar (non-torq sensitive, highest pump-open force, longest jar stroke). Select
highest recommended trip load settings (do not exceed 60% of string over-pull limit).

Up-Trip Load: _______________ Down-Trip Load: ____________

> 45o hole angle, select a hydraulic jar (highest pump-open force, longest jar stroke).
Jar Make/Type: ______________________________________________ :MECH :HYD

2. A drilling accelerator (recommended) increases jar impact by 30% - 50%. Match the jar and accelerator OD to the
OD of the BHA section the tool is placed in.
Jar OD: ____________________ Accelerator OD: __________________

3. Do not run stabilisers / reamers above the jar. Place the jar / accelerators above or below the neutral zone.
New Zone top = WOB__________ X 1.15 / Lbs/ft______ / Wt Factor__________ = _______ Stands from bit
New Zone BTM = WOB__________ X 0.85 / Lbs/ft______ / Wt Factor__________ = _______ Stands from bit

Buoyancy Factors (BF) Hole Angle Factors (AF)

9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 9o< 10o 15o 20p 25o 30o 35o 40o 45o 50o 55o 60o
.86 .85 .83 .82 .80 .79 .77 .76 .74 .73 .71 .69 1.0 .99 .97 .94 .91 .87 .82 .77 .71 .64 .57 .5
 Drilling Jar / Accelerator Placement Worksheet
(0o – 60o) cont:

Jar / Accelerator Assembly

1. If key seat potential is high, consider a string reamer. Do not place jar / accelerator in the neutral zone.
Place a minimum BHA weight above the jar equal to 1.2 times the down-jar trip load (Dn-Jar Stds).

Dn-Trip Load___________ X 0.2 / Lbs/Ft___________ / Wt Factor___________ = _________ DN=Jar Stds

2. Place a BHA weight of 0.2 times the up-trip load between the jar and accelerator (Up-Jar Stds).

Up-Trip Load___________ X 0.2 / Lbs/Ft____________ / Wt Factor__________ = _________ Up-Jar Stds

Jar Assembly

If an accelerator is not used, position the jar for a 70% probability of down-jarring. Place the jar (above or below
the neutral zone) with a BHA weight above the jar equal to the down-trip load.

Dn-Trip Load______________ / Lbs/Ft_________ / Wt Factor_________ = ________ Stds Above Jar

 Drilling Jar / Accelerator Placement Worksheet
(0o – 60o) cont:
DP
DP
Down-Jar Stands Above
Stands: = Jar: =

Accelerator HWDP
Up-Jar
Stands: = Jar HWDP

Jar
Below-Jar Below Jar
DC DC
Weight: = Wt: =

DC
Stands: = Stands: = WOB: =
WOB: = DC
Extended Reach/Directional
The problem: Drilling
More chance for a stuck drill string:
• Increased range of potential stuck point locations.
• Sidewall contact force is higher.
• Increased torque and drag in build and reach sections.
• Reduced hole cleaning efficiencies, cuttings build up.
• Unstable well bore, filter cake sagging and collapse, hole sloughing.
• Swelling formations, salts and shales.
• Differential sticking, permeable formation sections or excessive mud weights.
• Key seating.
• Dog-leg severity and depth.
• Back off, fishing and side-tracking operations become increasingly difficult.

Operation of jar is restricted:

• Added risk of becoming stuck above the jar.
• Wall drag reduces over pull available for up-jarring.
• Inclination and wall drag limits weight available for down-jarring.
• Wall drag reduces effectiveness of jarring impact.
 Drilling Jar / Accelerator Placement Worksheet (> 60)
Select a hydraulic jar (highest pump-open force, longest jar stroke). Jar Make /Model:____________________________

A Double-Acting drilling accelerator is required. Match the jar and accelerator OD to the OD of the HWDP.

1.
Jar OD:_____________________ Accelerator OD:___________________________
Place the jar at the top of the steer able assembly. Place HWDP above the jar equal to 0.2 of the Maximum down-jar trip load.

2.
Dn-Trip Load__________ X 0.2 / Lbs/Ft / 93 = ___________ Jarring Stands

Place the accelerator above the jarring stands. Run standard-well drill pipe from the accelerator to the 60 o hole angle section
3.. (considering the bit at its maximum anticipated depth).

4. Run collars / HWDP above the 60o hole angle to provide weight for down-jar trip load (Plus estimated down-drag between the
60o hole angle and the accelerator).

(Dn-Jar Trip Load__________ + Hole Drag________ / Lbs/Ft_______ / BF________ / AF_______ / 93 = Dn-Jar Stds

Buoyancy Factors (BF) Hole Angle Factors (AF)

9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 9o< 10o 15o 20p 25o 30o 35o 40o 45o 50o 55o 60o
.86 .85 .83 .82 .80 .79 .77 .76 .74 .73 .71 .69 1.0 .99 .97 .94 .91 .87 .82 .77 .71 .64 .57 .5
 Drilling Jar / Accelerator Placement
DP Worksheet (> 60) Cont:

Down-jar
Stands: =
Bit at Max
Anticipated
Standard Wall DP: = Depth

HWDP Jarring Stands: =

60o
Hole Angle
Double-Acting
Accelerator HWDP Jar
Cocking Envelope

400

200
In conclusion the basic jarring rules
are……….
• String static when
sticking occurs jar
down.
• String moving up
when sticking occurs
jar down.
• String moving down
when sticking occurs
jar up.
 Lets Talk
Discussion Time
 Exercise for Jarring Calculations
Hanging Weights = 300,000 lbs
Weight below jars = 30,000 lbs
Pump open force = Differential pressure at jars area in inches2
= 3000 X 15.9 = 48,000 lbs
Hole Drag = 25,000 lbs
Calculation to Jar up with pump running

Load required = Hanging weight – weight below jars -

pump open force + hole drag + jar load
= 300,000 – 30,000 – 48,000 + 25,000 +150,000
= 397,000 lbs
Calculation to Jar down with pump running

Load required = Hanging weight – weight below jars

Pump open force – hole drag – jar load
= 300,000 – 30,000 – 48,000 – 25,000 – 100,000
= 97,000 lbs
Effects of Circulation

Jar Type Jar Up Jar Down

Hydraulic Harder to cock, larger impact Easier to cock smaller impact and
and impulse forces impulse forces

Mechanical Harder to cock, easier to trip, Easier to cock, harder to trip,

forces unaffected forces unaffected