Birth Control, STDs & Pregnancy

By: Simret, Jessica, Claudia, Bridget,

Makayla
 What is Birth Control?
Birth control is any method used to prevent pregnancy.

There are two main forms of birth control:

1) Barrier method
➔ works by creating a barrier between semen and the
cervix so that the semen can’t reach the egg to
fertilize it.
- Ex. male condoms, female condoms, cervical cap
and diaphragm Progestin only birth control releases progestin.
2) Hormonal birth control which can be combined birth
control and progestin only birth control. ➔ It inconsistently prevents ovulation and thickens the
➔ Combined birth control releases estrogen and mucus on the cervix.
progestin - Ex. The pill, IUD, shots or implant
➔ prevents pregnancy by preventing ovulation
NONE OF THE HORMONAL BIRTH CONTROL METHODS PREVENT THE TRANSMISSION OF
- Ex. the pill, the patch, NuvaRing and a monthly
shot. STD’s. THE ONLY ONEs THAT CAN HELP PREVENT ARE THE MALE AND FEMALE CONDOMS.
Weighing your options

It’s easy to be confused by all the

birth control options out there:
Should you take a progestin-only
pill or the mainstream combination
pill? Can an IUD affect your
chances of having children in the
future? Is the female condom as
effective as its male counterpart?

Luckily, we have answers. Here are

12 of the most common birth
control methods, and why you
 The Implant
Birth control implants can cost between $0 to
$800 and the removal can cost between $0 to
$300. It lasts 3 to 4 years and most insurance
plans cover the cost of birth control implants.
IUD
IUD can cost up to $1,000 but
most insurance plans cover the
cost. Copper IUD can be used up
to 12 years.
Combination Pill PROS:
❖ 99% effective against pregnancy when taken around the same
What it's called: Estrostep Fe, LoEstrin 1/20, Ortho-Novum 7/7/7, Ortho Tri- time every day.
❖ also known for easing hot flashes and restoring regular periods.
Cyclen Lo, Yasmin, Yaz

Who should avoid it:

❖ Smokers and those 35 or older.

❖ If you suffer from migraines, you should also pass because it may
trigger the painful headaches.

CONS: The estrogen may cause dangerous blood clots.

Rated 7/10
Extended-cycle pill
What it's called: Lybrel, Seasonale, Seasonique
Purpose/Pros: prevent pregnancy and allow you
to have a period only every three months. (Note:
Lybrel stops your period for a year, but you must
take a pill every day, year-round.)
Cons: There's no evidence proving it's dangerous
not to have periods, but there is still no long-term
research to show that it is safe.
Rated: /10
Where can you Prices can vary from $0 to $50 for
get birth control one pack which lasts for one
month. They’re totally free with
pills? most health insurance plans. The
pill is easy to get but prescription
is required.
❖ Health clinics like: Planned
Parenthood health centers,
Huckleberry Youth Center,etc.
❖ Drugstores like: Walgreens,
CVS,etc.
The Diaphragm
Medical names include: Milex Wide Seal, Ortho All-Flex, Semina,
SILCS
Purpose: Made of rubber and shaped like a dome, a Who should avoid it:
diaphragm prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg. It covers
the cervix and must always be used with a spermicide ❖ If your weight tends to fluctuate by more than
10 pounds at a time, the diaphragm may not
:Women must be fitted for a diaphragm in their doctor's office.
($15-$75 device lasts two years) work.
❖ Prone to bladder infections? You might want to
CONS: If you gain or lose weight, you'll need to be refitted.
consider another option.
No STI protection Can’t be used during your period
❖ If you've had toxic shock syndrome, you
due to a risk of toxic shock syndrome.
shouldn't use a diaphragm.
Sterilization The Patch
- A safe and effective surgical procedure that
- Releases estrogen and progestin through your skin
permanently prevents pregnancy.
for 7 days.
- This won’t protect you or your partners
- Over a 4 weeks period, use 1 patch for 3 weeks.
from STIs or spreading STDs.
- Wear the patch on your lower abdomen, upper
- ONLY 26+
torso(not breast), buttocks, or upper arm.
NuvaRing
Purpose: The ring is made of flexible plastic and
delivers estrogen and progestin, just like the
combination pill.

You place the ring in your vagina for three weeks,

and then remove it for one week so that you have
a regular period.

Duration: 1 Month
❖ Who should avoid it: Women who smoke, or have blood
COns: you still get your period
clots or certain cancers, should not use the NuvaRing.
NuvaRing The Shot
- Usually easy to get but you -94% effective
need a prescription
- One NuvaRing can can cost -It can cost from $0 to $100
from $0 to $80 but it lasts for
-Injected by a doctor or nurse
1 month.
- You can get NuvaRing at -Get it every 3 month.
drugstores, health clinics, or
Planned Health Centers.
 Female and Male Condom
The latex condom is the classic barrier method. It prevents sperm from entering the
woman’s body, protecting against pregnancy and most STDs. Of couples who rely
only on male condoms, 15% get pregnant in a year.
Pros: Widely available, protects against most STDs, inexpensive (under $1 each).
Cons: Only effective if used correctly every time. Can’t be reused.

Risk: It will tear when it too tight or fall off

when it is too loose.

- If this happens use emergency

contraception.
Parenting
There are several clinics that provide trained clinicians to
educate women on information such as:
Parental Care (ultra sounds, prenatal medicine, etc.)
Financial help ( WIC, Low income housing,etc.)
Fertility/Natural Family Planning
How does it work? Pros: No drugs or devices, inexpensive.
❖ fertility awareness means avoiding sex Cons: Limits spontaneous sex, 25% of typical
when the woman is most fertile. users get pregnant.
❖ The most reliable way to do this is to
watch for changes in cervical mucus and
Rated: /10
body temperature.
❖ To use this method correctly, it’s best to
get training from a health care
professional.
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Herpes:is an infection that can be
spread from being sexually active

- A lot of people are unaware of

having herpes because they have
no symptoms.
- Genital herpes can affect: new
babies and people with weak
immune systems.
- There's no cure for this infection,
only medicine
Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial Vaginosis: condition that happens
when there is too much of a certain bacteria
in vagina.
● Being sexually active with
different sex partners
● Its treatable without medicine
● Usually for women ages 15-44
● If not treated then it can lead
into getting STDS or HIV.
Trichomoniasis
● causes a foul smelling vaginal
discharge
● genital itching
● painful urination in women.
Men typically have no symptoms.
Complications include a risk of
premature delivery for pregnant
women.
 HIV/AIDS Human
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Papillomavirus
Virus. virus(HPV)
HIV is a virus that causes AIDS. HIV is spread
More than 50% will get this in their lifetime
during sex, but condoms can help protect
Most have no symptoms and cure on their own
you.
no general test to see if you have it

Treatment is available. HPV vaccinations are available for

ages 11-26.
 Positive Resource Center
http://www.positiveresource.org/
If you live in the SF and can't pay for
415-777-0333
your HIV treatment you can get help
Positive Resource Center remains by calling 415-777-0333 and Positive
the only place for people living with
Resource Center can help with
HIV/AIDS or mental health disabilities
medication costs, copays for labs and
to get comprehensive benefits
counseling and employment services doctor visits and premium for health,
in San Francisco. vision, and dental insurance.
 Go to https://www.plannedparenthood.org/ to learn about
abortion, birth control, emergency contraception, health
and wellness, pregnancy, sex and relationships, sexual,
● Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit and orientation and gender.
organization that provides reproductive
health care in the United States and Call 1 (800) 230-7526 to find a local clinic.
globally.
At Planned Parenthood you have access to birth control,
confidential, non-judgmental health care, fact-based
● Margaret Sanger advocated birth control education, and fierce advocacy.
and family planning, particularly among the
urban poor; she founded Planned
Parenthood.
● Planned parenthood is one of the nation's
leading providers for high quality,
affordable health care for women, men and
young people, and the nation’s largest
provider of sex education.
 Planned Parenthood - San Francisco
● Health Center
AFFORDABLE ACCESS-Most birth control
and annual well-woman exams will be
covered for FREE, with no copay. Everyone
deserves equal access to sexual and
reproductive health care services.

● EXPERT CARE-The staff are trusted and

trained to provide and deliver high quality
health care.

● INNOVATION AND RESEARCH- They offer AT: 1650 Valencia St, San Francisco, CA
quality healthcare with over 100 years of 94110
OPEN: MON-SAT
research in reproductive care. PHONE:415-812-1282
 Planned Parenthood - San Francisco
Health
OFFERS STD TESTING,Center
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTS STD prevention, including:
(ALL SERVICES ARE FREE UNLESS YOU ARE OLDER THAN 24)

INCLUDING:
- bacterial vaginosis (BV) -condoms (Free)

- chlamydia($70 for testing) -female condoms (Free)

- genital warts -dental dams

- Gonorrhea ($70 for testing) -HPV vaccine (Gardasil)

- herpes -hepatitis B vaccine

- HIV (testing and diagnosis only)

- Syphilis ($70 for testing)
- trichomoniasis (trich)
 Planned Parenthood - San Francisco
offers: Health Center ALSO OFFERS:
❖ HIV testing (Free)
❖ pregnancy testing
❖ HIV test education
❖ rape crisis counseling referrals
❖ HIV referrals
❖ abortion pill (medication abortion)
❖ HIV case management
❖ in-clinic abortion
❖ sedation options (medication to make
the abortion more comfortable)
❖ post-abortion follow-up exams
Resources

● https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex
● http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/hormonal-methods-of-birth-control
● http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/barrier-methods-of-birth-control-19059
● https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-pill/how-do-i-get-birth-control-pills
● http://www.positiveresource.org/