Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 10
Presentation Outline
I. Overview of Finance and Investing
Cycle
II. Audit of Liabilities and Stockholders’
Equity
III. Audit of Investments
D. Control Considerations
• Transactions authorized by BOARD OF DIRECTORS
• Documentation:
– Investments in securities: BROKER'S ADVICE
– Property, plant and equipment: VENDOR'S INVOICE
(for purchased PPE) or INTERNAL COST RECORDS
(for manufactured PPE)
– Bonds and notes payable: Documentation from
DEBTHOLDERS
– Stockholders' Equity: Documentation from
REGISTRAR
• CASH RECEIPTS/DISBURSEMENTS JOURNALS
McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
10-9
E. Finance and Investment Cycle:
Control Procedures
• Physical Controls
– Securities numbered and in the client's name
– Securities held by an independent custodian or in a secure location
– Access to safe-deposit box requires the presence of more than one
employee
– Physical items periodically compared to detail records
– Cash receipts from Investing and Financing cycle transactions
deposited intact and daily
• Segregation of Duties
– Transactions AUTHORIZED by the Board of Directors
– General Accounting RECORDS transactions
– A separate function or external custodian has CUSTODY
• Performance Reviews
– Compare current investing and cycle transaction data against prior-
year data or expected data
– Compare revenue and expenses against organization standards or
expectations.
Estimates
A sample of accounting estimates are provided on
the top of p. 368. Specific aspects of estimate
development an auditor considers include:
Summary
• Accounts involving Investments, Property-Plant
and Equipment, Debt, and Equity
• Inherent risk for leases, loan covenants, related
parties, complex transactions, and big baths
• Estimate process and evaluation
• Audit of liabilities and stockholders’ equity
• Value of investments and amount of investment
income