MODEL OF SCAVENGING IN TWO

STROKE ENGINES

 PREMANSHU DALAL (VTP1753)

 VIKRANT KATE (VTP1848)

 NILAVAN .M (VTP1761)
 TWO STROKE ENGINES

The two stroke engine fires on every revolution of the crankshaft, a

two stroke engine is usually more powerful than a four stroke engine
of equivalent size.This, coupled with their lighter, simpler
construction, makes two stroke engines popular in chainsaws, line
trimmers, outboard motors, snowmobiles, jet-skis, light motorcycles,
andmodel airplanes. Unfortunately most two stroke engines are
inefficient and are terrible polluters due to the amount of unspent
fuel that escapes through the exhaust port.
 SCAVENGING

Scavenging is the process of removing exhaust gases from the

cylinder after combustion and replenishing the cylinder with
fresh air.

•Efficient scavenging is necessary for good combustion of fuel

inside the engine cylinder.
•The passage of scavenge air will also assist cooling of the
cylinder, piston and valves.
•Time available for scavenging process in 2 stroke engine is less
than 4 stroke engines.
Satisfactory Scavenging Depends on:

•Efficient evacuation of exhaust gases

•Exhaust ports or valves open before scavenge ports
•Scavenge ports close after the process of gas exchange
•Loss of fresh air through exhaust passage to be minimum

Scavenging affects –

•Overall efficiency
•Power output per unit weight
•Fuel consumption per unit power
•Incomplete scavenging results in poor combustion
•Lubricating oil contamination
•Wear piston rings and liner
•Mean temperature of cylinder high
 SCAVENGING MODELS

A. Perfect scavanging –no mixing, air displaces the products

out the exhaust (if extra air is delivered I.e., when delivery
ratio > r/r-1, it is not retained).

B. Short circuiting circuiting –the air initially displaces all

the products within the path of the short circuit and then
flows into and out of the cylinder

C. Perfect mixing –the first air to enter the cylinder mixes

instantaneously with the products and the gas leaving is
almost all residual (for larger delivery ratio most of gas
leaving is air)
 Scavenging Models

Several mathematical models exist for predicting the scavenging

process. In past studies the scavenging process has been idealized
as a combination of three sub-processes. These sub-processes are

• Displacement, where burned gas is displaced with fresh air

charge.
• Mixing, where the fresh air charge mixes with the burned gas.
• Short-circuiting, where a stream of fresh air charge enters the
exhaust duct without
mixing with the burned gas.

Even though these models can not be used to analyse the ow eld
through the scavenging ports and engine cylinder into detail or
study the eects of dierent geometries, they are used to analyse the
operating characteristics of the scavenging process. These
mathematical models are generally divided into three categories,
single-phase, multi-zone and multi-dimensional models [24],
where phase refers to a time period where the scavenging process
is assumed to occur.
 Perfect Displacement Model

The first model discussed is the perfect displacement model, which

is used to estimate the upper bound of the scavenging process,
where parameters such as scavenging efficiency and charging
efficiency are overestimated. This model is a so called single-phase,
two-zone model which refers to a process where the burned gas is
displaced by the fresh air charge and no mixing of gasses takes
place. This process consists of two zones, the fresh charge zone and
the burned gas zone. For the model calculations it is assumed that
the process occurs under a constant cylinder volume and pressure,
no heat or mass is allowed to cross the interface between fresh
charge and burned gas and the cylinder walls are assumed
adiabatic. The relationship between delivery ratio and charging
eciency during perfect displacement can be found as follows ,
The values of the constants K and q are typically set to 0:90 and
0:75, respectively .
This model has been shown to give some realistic values for the
charging and scavenging efficiency [12] but no direct application
is available for uniow scavenging engines. The scavenging models
introduced in the following subsection is partly based on the
Maekawa model.
The scavenging efficiency estimated by the simple scavenging models
introduced in the
previous subsections with the given model constants are shown and
compared in figure
PASSIVE SCALAR MODELLING
GOVERNING EQUATIONS