Concept of Project management:

A project is a series of activities with a common purpose

Project is set of co-ordinated activities, with definite
starting and finishing points, undertaken by an individual
or organization to meet specific objectives within defined
schedule, cost and performance parameters.’
Project management definition
• Is the application of skills, knowledge, experience,
tools and series processes that are required to make a
project successful
• A series of processes to monitor and control time, cost,
quality and scope on projects
• Identification - generation of the initial project idea and
preliminary design
• Preparation - detailed design of the project addressing
technical and operational aspects
• appraisal - analysis of the project from technical, financial,
economic, gender, social, institutional and environmental
perspectives
• implementation & monitoring - execution of project
activities, with on-going checks on progress and feedback
• evaluation - periodic review of the project with feedback for
next project cycle and assessment of attainment of objectives
- Stakeholder is any person or organization with
an interest in a project can be termed a
stakeholder.
• Direct stakeholders are the People or
organizations directly involved in all or some of
the various phases of the project include client,
project sponsor, project manager, members of the
project team, technical and financial services
providers, internal or external consultants
• In direct stakeholders are the People or
organizations directly involved in all or some of
the various phases of the project include
Coordination the planning, monitoring and control
of all aspects of a project and the motivation of
those involved, to achieve the objectives
Key elements:
human resource plan
communications plan
risk management
Management
Project meetings
Hazard is a situation that could occur during the
lifetime of a product that has the potential for
human injury, damage to the environment, or
economic loss
Hazards are classified in the same British Standard
into four categories:
Negligible
Controlled or marginal;
Critical;
Catastrophic.
Definition of word of risk
It is often assumed that the word risk implies a
negative outcome.
A combination of the probability and the
magnitude of the consequences of the
occurrence.
Risk= Probability*Consequences
• R=P×C
• ‘Pure risk’ where only negative deviations from
the desired outcome are possible and therefore
danger of loss is predominant
• ‘Speculative risk’ where both negative and
positive deviations are possible and therefore
there is a danger of loss as well as a chance of
gain; or
• Only positive deviations are anticipated and
therefore only a chance of gain exists. Such
events do not form part of the notion of risk.
Insufficient planning
Staffing problems
Inability to detect problems early
Unqualified project personnel
• The time required to plan, investigate, design,
construct and complete a construction project spans
such a lengthy period that it is often greater than the
period of cyclical recurrence, known as the ‘return
period’, of many of the hazards to which such
projects are exposed. For example, the hazard of
rainfall has usually a return period of one year
depending on the time for the rainy season.
Therefore, the risks associated with rainfall on a
particular project would have to be assessed and
managed for the number of years taken to complete it.
Any reduction in the period of construction
introduces its own risks.
The number of people required to initiate,
visualize, plan, finance, design, supply materials
and plant, construct, administer, supervise,
commission and repair any defects in a
construction project is enormous. Such people
usually come from different social classes and in
international contracts, from different countries
and cultures.
Extensive interaction is required between many
of the firms involved in construction, including
those engaged as suppliers, manufacturers,
subcontractors and contractors, each with its own
different commitments and goals.
Many civil engineering projects are
constructed in isolated regions of difficult
terrain, sometimes stretching over extensive
areas and exposed to natural hazards of
unpredictable intensity, frequency and return
period.
The materials selected for use generally
include a number of new products of unproved
performance or strength. Advanced and
complex technology is also necessary in some
construction projects.
Subsidence is one of the risks the causes of which are
extremely complex to assess. This is basically due to the
inexact nature of the science of soil mechanics, which
covers the problem of subsidence. Subsidence may occur
due to any of the following reasons or a combination of
them:
 Lack of or insufficient site investigation;
 Incorrect assumption of distribution of stresses in or
under foundations and the supporting soil layers;
 Improper support to sides of excavations;
 Changing the properties of the surrounding soil;
 Deterioration of the foundation material due to
presence of aggressive substances in the soil such as
sulphate salts, etc.;