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UNIT 1

Tissues, Organs, and


Systems of Living Things

Chapter 1: Cells and


More Cells

Chapter 2: Plants:
From Cells to Systems

Chapter 3: Animals:
From Cells to Systems
CHAPTER 1 Cells and More Cells

In this chapter you will investigate the:


• similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
• stages of mitosis and its importance for growth and repair
• stages of the cell cycle and how it relates to cancer
• process of cell division in normal and abnormal cells

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.


1.1 Studying the Structure of Cells (Page 7)

The development of the microscope in the 1660s increased


our understanding of the human body and led to the
discovery of cells.
Cell – the smallest unit that can perform the
functions of life

Microscopy – the science of using


microscopes to view samples or objects

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.


Microscopy Review (Pages 546-547)

Microscope
Animation • the parts of a
microscope and their
functions
• microscope use
• slide preparation
• how to determine
the field of view and
magnification
• how to draw to
scale and label
scientific diagrams of
specimens
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Types of Microscopes (Pages 8-9)

Leeuwenhoek

Bright field/ Dark field


Fluorescence

Transmission
Electron

Phase-contrast Scanning Electron


Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Cell Structure (Page 10)

• One of the first structures to be seen clearly through a microscope


was the nucleus.

• The nucleus is the organelle that controls the cell’s activities.


• Organelles are specialized structures within a cell.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
The Cell Theory (Page 11)

The Cell Theory was proposed by German scientists in the late 1830s.
Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden used their studies of
plants and animals to formulate the first two ideas. In 1855 Rudolph
Virchow added the final one. The theory states that:

1. All living organisms are made of one or more cells.


2. The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.


Animal and Plant Cell Organelles (Pages 12-13)

Animal Cells Plant


Cells

• The cytosol (the fluid material


between the cell membrane and the
nucleus) is filled with many specialized
organelles.
• There are some important differences
between the organelles found in plant
and animal cells.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Animal and Plant Cell Organelles (Pages 12-13)

Click the “Start” button to review the various organelles in animal


and plant cells and their functions.

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.


All Cells Use Energy (Page 14)

Cellular Respiration – a process that releases energy from organic


molecules, especially carbohydrates such as glucose, in the presence
of oxygen

Mitochondria – the site in animal and plant cells


where cellular respiration takes place

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.


Section 1.1 Review (Page 15)

Concepts to be reviewed:
• types of microscopes and their use
• cell structure
• The Cell Theory
• similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
• cellular respiration

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

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