•Slavery introduced by the Spanish

into the West Indies after Columbus’s

discovery of America.
•Spanish and Portuguese expanded
African slavery into Central and South
American after enslaved Indians
Slaves captured in Africa
began dying off.
•In 1619, the first recorded
introduction of African slaves into
what would become the United States
was in the settlement of
Jamestown……Only 20 slaves were
purchased….

Slaves aboard ship—Middle Passage

 The Triangular Trade
• New England merchants gain access to slave
trade in the early 1700s
1. Rum brought to Africa, exchanges for slaves
2. Ships cross the Middle Passage, slaves trades
in the West Indies.
• Disease, torture, malnourishment, death for slaves
3. Sugar brought to New England
• Other items trades across the Atlantic, with
substantial profits from slavery making
merchants rich
 Manufactured Goods

•Furniture From
•Clothing England to
•Colonials had
Colonies
not factories.
This is called the
Middle Passage
-NATIONALISM
-THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT
-THE AMERICAN DREAM
Missouri Compromise
Sectionalism
 The Industrial North

• The Industrial Revolution (mid-1700s to mid-1800s) included the birth of modern

industry and the social changes that accompanied industrial growth.
• The Revolution began in the British textile industry when inventors created water-
powered and steam-powered weaving machines.
• The steam engine was crucial to the British Industrial Revolution, mostly due to
improvements James Watt made late in the century.
• The British made laws to prevent their knowledge of these industrial machines from
spreading, but Samuel Slater violated those laws by building a textile mill in Rhode
Island, launching the Industrial Revolution in America.
• By 1810 there were more than 60 textile mills in New England.
• Industrialization led to urbanization, as the percentage of the population who lived in
cities doubled within 30 years.
 Cotton and the South
The Cotton Revolution Slavery Spreads
• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, which separated • Even with the use of the cotton gin,
the seeds from the usable parts of the farming cotton required a large number of
cotton, made large-scale cotton workers.
production possible. • The first cotton farms were small and
• The cotton gin was simple, but had a didn’t use enslaved African Americans, but
major impact on life in the South wealthier farmers soon bought huge
plantations and needed additional workers.
– The booming textile industry in the
North bought cotton to weave into • Planters knew that the more enslaved
cloth that was sold to Americans. African Americans they used, the more
valuable cotton they could grow.
– The British Industrial Revolution
raised the demand for cotton, making • Between 1810 and 1840 the number of
Southern cotton very valuable to enslaved African Americans in the U.S.
grow. more than doubled to 2.5 million.
 Anti-Slavery Efforts in the South

• Some African Americans in the South were freemen, or African Americans who had been
emancipated.
• These men and women faced legal and social discrimination, yet still played a large role in
anti-slavery activities.
• Many freemen helped enslaved people escape, and many bravely spoke out for freedom for
all African Americans.
• In 1831 the deadliest slave uprising in American history took place. Nat Turner and his
accomplices killed dozens of whites before the uprising was put down by a local militia.
• Other enslaved African Americans chose to attempt escape, trying to reach the free states of
the North, Canada, or Mexico.

• Over the years, a constantly changing network of escape routes

developed called the Underground Railroad. Sympathetic whites and
freemen provided help to escaping slaves. Harriet Tubman, who
escaped slavery herself, helped many on their journey to freedom.
 The Abolition Movement in the North
• The number of enslaved people trying to escape increased in the
1830s, possibly encouraged by an anti-slavery movement in the
Northern states.
• The Second Great Awakening’s focus on morality caused many
Northerners to see slavery as wrong and ungodly.
• Many joined reform societies to stop slavery

• 1833: William Lloyd • Many abolitionists • Frederick

Garrison founded were women. Douglass, who
the American Anti-
• Sarah and Angela escaped slavery,
Slavery Society.
Grimké, daughters was a leading
• It was the first of a Southern abolitionist.
group to call for an slaveholder, were
immediate end to • He published an
abolitionists.
U.S. slavery. 1845 biography,
• They moved to the
Narrative of the
• In five years, had North to support
over 1,500 chapters abolition and Life of Frederick
in the North. women’s rights. Douglass.
 The American Civil War

• Over time, the Northern and Southern states developed different ways of
life. 16
 • The South had an
SOUT NORT agricultural
economy based on

H H growing cotton
which depended on
the labour of
Economy based on enslaved African
Economy based on manufacturing
agricultural economy Americans.
economy and free
and slave labour. labour. • In the North,
industries created a
manufacturing
Large cities suffering economy and many
rapid urbanization . Northerners wanted
Mainly rural and few Massive immigration
immigrants. improved the to abolish slavery as
economy. they thought slavery
was wrong.

• Thousands of slaves escaped to the North for freedom. However in

1860, one third of the total population of slaves was not free. 17
 The American Civil
War
• In 1860, Abraham Lincoln, an opponent of slavery was
elected president “a house divided against itself
cannot stand ,” he said, “This government cannot
endure permanently half-slave and half-free”.
• The American Civil War, War of Secession or War Between States, was fought since 1861 until
1865 in the Unites States between the Northern States, who were against slavery and the 11
Southern states who were pro-slavery.
• Eleven southern states left the United States and formed the Confederate States of America.
Fighting began between this group and the United States in April 1861. That marked the start of
the American Civil War.

18
19
 CONFEDERATE STATES
 After Lincoln won the election of 1860, the Southern States issued their “ Declaration of the Causes of
Secession”, giving the reason why they were separating from the Union. They believed that Lincoln was
anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests. They felt that they were losing representation so they seceded
from the Union, forming the Confederate States. Their president was Jefferson Davis.

20
ROBERT EDWARD LEE
WAS AN AMERICAN
GENERAL KNOWN FOR
COMMANDING THE
CONFEDERATE ARMY

21
EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR
 The war ended after four years with the Northern victory.

 Emancipation Proclamation – On January 1st,1 863,president Lincoln declared

all slaves liberated and free.

 Deaths – The Civil War was by far the deadliest war in American history. Well
over 600 000 people died.

 Reconstruction – The period of time after the Civil War is known as

Reconstruction. During this difficult era, the Southern states were gradually
admitted back into the Union and the areas destroyed during the war were
rebuilt.

 Lincoln’s Death – Five days after he won the war he was murdered in a theatre
with a shot on his head by John Wilkes Booth.

22
THE END

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