Double field revolving theory and starting methods of

Single phase Induction Motor

By
INTOOR MUNIRAJA
APPLICATION NO:TEQIP029401
Presentation overview:

Introduction
Why Single Phase Induction Motor is not Self Starting?
Double field revolving theory
Methods for Making Single Phase Induction as Self Starting Motor
Types of single phase induction motor
 Applications of single phase induction motor
Introduction
 As the invention of wheel brought a revolution in the ancient human civilization, the
invention of Induction Motor permanently altered the modern human civilization.
This hundred year motor invented by the great scientist Nikola Tesla is the most common
type of motor even today.
About 50% of global electrical power is consumed by Induction motors.
About 90% of industrial motors are Induction motors.
For higher power ratings 3- ⌀ Induction motors and for lower power ratings 1- ⌀ Induction
motors are used.
Why Single Phase Induction Motor is not Self Starting?
According to double field revolving theory, any alternating quantity can be resolved into
two components, each component have magnitude equal to the half of the maximum
magnitude of the alternating quantity and both these component rotates in opposite
direction to each other. At starting the two components of this flux cancel each other and
hence there is no net torque.

According to the double field revolving theory, this alternating flux, φm is divided into two
components of magnitude φm /2. Each of these components will rotate in opposite direction,
with the synchronous speed, Ns. Let us call these two components of flux as forward
component of flux, φf and backward component of flux, φb. The resultant of these two
component of flux at any instant of time, gives the value of instantaneous stator flux at that
particular instant.
Double field revolving theory:
Following figures will help in understanding the double field revolving theory.
Torque speed characteristics:
• The two oppositely directed torques and the resultant torque can be shown effectively
with the help of torque-speed characteristics.
Methods for Making Single Phase Induction as Self Starting
Motor:
 Single phase induction motors are not self starting because the produced stator flux is
alternating in nature and at the starting the two components of this flux cancel each
other and hence there is no net torque.
The solution to this problem is that if the stator flux is made rotating type, rather than
alternating type, which rotates in one particular direction only.
Then the induction motor will become self starting. Now for producing this rotating
magnetic field we require two alternating flux, having some phase difference angle
between them.
This phase difference can be created by using auxiliary winding 90 degrees apart
physically.
A small pony motor can also be used for starting by providing initial force.
Types of single phase induction motor

Based on the starting methods used, single phase induction motors are
basically classified into the following types.

Split-phase motor
Capacitor start motor
Permanent capacitor run motor
Capacitor start capacitor run motor
Shaded pole motor
Split phase Induction motor:
Permanent Capacitor Induction Motor:
Capacitor start Induction motor:
Capacitor Start and Capacitor Run Induction Motor:
Shaded pole Induction motor:
Torque speed characteristics
Torque speed characteristics of different types of single phase Induction motor is shown below.
Applications of single phase Induction motors :
Vacuum cleaners
 Fans
 Washing machines
Centrifugal pumps
Blowers
Small toys etc.