02 LTE Radio Parameters Chann Config RL10 002

Channel Configuration
LTE Radio Parameters RL10
LTEPAR Pilot Düsseldorf CW 22 2010 & Reviewed
For internal use

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks LTE Radio Parameters / v001 / Document Number
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For internal use

Module Contents
• Overview
• Generic
• DL Channels and signals
• UL Channels and Signals
For internal use

Overview - Channels
Upper Layers
DL UL
RLC
MCCH
MTCH
CCCH
DTCH
BCCH
PCCH
DCCH
CCCH
DTCH
DCCH
Logical channels
MAC
DL-SCH
MCH
UL-SCH
BCH
PCH
RACH
Transport channels
PHY
PCFICH
PDCCH
PDSCH
PHICH
PMCH
PBCH
PUCCH
PRACH
PUSCH
Air interface
For internal use

Overview – Control Information
CQI, PMI, RI,
ACK/NACK CQI, PMI, RI,
ACK/NACK
SR
eNode B
DL control
configuration
1x per cell
RNTI
DL scheduling
UL Grant
UL PWRC
n x per cell
HARQ Info
For internal use

Based upon
Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity 3GPP TS 36.211
(normal cyclic prefix case)
Resource Block (RB)

12 subcarriers
• Basic unit of resource

(180 kHz)
• 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain

• 7 symbols long in the time domain
• Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
• Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon
7 symbols modulation scheme
(0.5 ms)
Bit Rates per Symbol rate = 168 ksps

Resource Block • QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps
• 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps
TTI is 1 ms, i.e.
duration of 2 • 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps
resource blocks
For internal use
Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink
• Bit Rates per Resource Block  Number of Resource Blocks
Figures in Mbps Channel Bandwidth

1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600
16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200
64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800
64QAM (2+2 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600
64QAM (4+4 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200
• These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer,
i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account
• Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by
Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels
For internal use

DL Physical Channels Allocation
• PBCH:
– Occupies the central 72 subcarriers across 4
symbols
– Transmitted during second slot of each 10 ms
frame on all antennas RB
• PCFICH:
– Transmitted during the first symbol of each TTI
– Occupies up to 16 RE per TTI
• PHICH:
– Tx during 1st symbol of each TTI or alternativ during
symbols 1 to 3 of each TTI  PhichDur
– Each PHCIH group occupies 12 RE
• PDCCH:
– Occupies the REs not used by PCFICH and PHICH
and Reference Signals within the first 1, 2 or 3
symbols of each TTI (case 1.4 MHz: within the first 2,
3 or 4 symbols)
– In RL09/10: configuration static by
MaxNbrOfOFDMSymsForPDCCH
• PDSCH:
– Is allocated the RE not used by signals or other
physical channels
For internal use
UL Physical Channels
• PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel

– Intended for user data (carries traffic for multiple
UEs) and control data
CCCH DCCH DTCH Logical
– If control data is to be sent when traffic data is being
RLC
transmitted, UE multiplexes both streams together
• PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel

RACH Transport
– Carries H-ARQ Ack/Nack indications, uplink
scheduling request, CQIs and MIMO feedback UL-SCH MAC
– Only control information is sent. The UE uses
Resources Element at the edges of the channel
PHYS.
• PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel
– For Random Access attempts. PDCCH indicates the PRACH
PUSCH PUCCH
resource elements for PRACH use
– PBCH contains a list of allowed preambles (64 per
cell) and the required length of the preamble.
For internal use

Generic - Bandwidth
• Channel bandwidth: Bandwidths ranging from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz
• Data subcarriers: They vary with the bandwidth
– 72 for 1.4MHz to 1200 for 20MHz
• Exercise: Describe bandwidths in terms of RBs
For internal use

Generic - Carrier Frequency and Bandwidth (FDD)
... ...
100 kHz FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL – NOffs-DL)
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL – NOffs-UL)
Example (band 12) EARFCN

UL: 708 MHz = 698 MHz + 0.1 (23100 – 23000) MHz NUL : earfcnUL
DL: 738 MHz = 728 MHz + 0.1 (5100 – 5000) MHz NDL : earfcnDL
Bandwidth
UL: ulChBw
DL: dlChBw
For internal use

Generic - Physical Layer Cell Id
• Physical Layer Cell Identity defines uniquely a cell.
• It consists of the two parts; Physical layer Cell Identity Group and Physical layer Identity
• Physical Layer Cell Identity = 3 x Physical layer Cell Identity Group + Physical layer Identity
• Decoded during synchronisation using primary and secondary sync signal
• PSS/SSS are used for:
– Initial cell search and neighbor cell search
• As a result of cell search the UE should acquire:
– PHY cell ID
– DL center frequency Strongest Signal
– 10ms and 5ms timing

– CP length
– Duplex mode (TDD/FDD)
Cell ID Group 0
(3 L1 id’s) Primary
Synchronization Signal
L1 id, slot (0/10)

Cell ID Group i
168 Cell ID (3 L1 id’s)
groups
Secondary
Synchronisation Signal
Group 167
Phy L Cell ID
Physical Layer
Cell ID, Frame
Alignment
For internal use

Generic - Time Structure (Frame Type 1)
Radio frame = 10 ms
19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0
subframe = 1 ms
Df = 15 kHz, UL/DL - Normal Prefix
Slot = 15360 Ts = 500µs

CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol
144 Ts = 4.69 µs
160 Ts
Df = 15 kHz, UL/DL - Extended Prefix

CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol
512 Ts = 16.7 µs
Tcp = Ncp Ts Symbol Tsym = 2048 Ts = 66.67 µs
Cyclic Prefix OFDM Symbol (Time Domain Samples)

x2047-Ncp, … x2047 x0, x1, …, x2047 Df = 7.5 kHz, UL/DL - Extended Prefix
CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol
1024 Ts = 33.3 µs
For internal use

Generic – Time Structure and CP length
• Subframe length is 1 ms for all bandwidths

• Slot length is 0.5 ms
– 1 Subframe= 2 slots
• Slot carries 7 symbols with normal cyclic prefix or 6 symbols with
extended prefix
– CP length depends on the symbol position within the slot:
▪ Normal CP: symbol 0 in each slot has CP= 160 x Ts (5.21μs and
remaining symbols CP= 144 x Ts ( 4.7μs)
▪ Extended CP: CP length for all symbols in the slot is 512 x Ts ( 16.67µs)
Short cyclic prefix: Ts: ‘sampling time’ of the

overall channel. Basic Time
5.21 s Unit.
Long cyclic prefix: 1 sec
Ts =
16.67 s Subcarrier spacing X max FFT size
= Data
= Cyclic prefix Copy Ts = 32.5nsec

For internal use
Generic: Parameters
For internal use

DL - Channels and Signals Overview
Upper Layers
RLC
MCCH
MTCH
BCCH
CCCH
DTCH
DCCH
PCCH
MAC
DL-SCH
PCH
MCH
BCH
DCI
CFI
HI
PHY
PDSCH
PCFICH
PDCCH
Synch
PHICH
PMCH
PBCH
RS
Air interface
For internal use

Synch Signals – Time and Frequency
Slot id: 0 1 2 . . ..10.. ..19 0 1
DTX
Secondary Synchronisation Signal (SSS)
Primary Synchronisation Signal (PSS)
180 kHz
0.5 ms
For internal use
Synchronization Signals Detection
• Cell ID:
– One of 504 IDs detected from the index of PSS and the combination of two SSS segments
• CP length:
– Detected from the relative PSS-to-SSS time distance
• TDD/FDD:
– Detected from the relative PSS-to-SSS time distance
• 5ms timing:
– Detected from PSS time position
• 10ms timing:
– Detected from the interlaced SSS segments swapping:
Scrambling code: Z1(m0) Scrambling code: Z1(m1)

Segment1 (SSS)-based scrambling (related to
sequence index in 1st segment) ... ...
Ä Ä
Scrambling code: C0 Scrambling code: C1 Scrambling code: C0 Scrambling code: C1
PSS-based scrambling (related

to cell ID within a cell group ID) ... ... ... ...
Ä Ä Ä Ä
... ... ... ...
SSC1 (m0) SSC2 (m1) SSC1 (m1) SSC2 (m0)
1st SSS in a frame (subframe 0) 2nd SSS in a frame (subframe 5)
Segment 1 Segment 2
For internal use

Reference Signals
• Common Reference Signals:

– Cell-specific
– FDM/TDMuxed
– Defined per antenna port
– F-density 6 sub-carriers (or 3 sub-carriers if staggered structure is considered)
– BW invariant mapping to REs
– Used for:
▪ Channel estimation (in case of CRS-based transmission with known/signaled
precoding)
▪ Mobility measurements
▪ Auxiliary UE functions like:
• Time tracking
• Frequency tracking
• Cell ID verification
• CP length verification
For internal use

Incremental Time-Frequency Structure of
Cell-specific Reference Signal
R0 R0
One antenna port
One antenna port
R0 R0
R0 R0
R0 R0
l0 l6 l0 l6
l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6
Resource Element (RE) k, l

Resource element (k,l)
Two antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1
Two antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenna port (DTX)
Not used for transmission on this antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols (RS) on this antenna port
Reference symbols on this antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6 l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6
Four antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
Four antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3
For internal use

UE-specific Reference Signal
• Dedicated Reference Signals, support for DRS is mandatory for TDD and a
UE capability for FDD:
– Used for single layer dedicated beamforming i.e. the same precoding applied on
PDSCH and the DRS
– UE-specific
– FDM/TDMuxed with data
– Re-initialization period: each subframe
– Frequency-first mapping to REs
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
l0 l 6 l 0 l 6
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
For internal use
Antenna port 5
Physical Broadcast Channel
• PBCH carriers essential system information like:

– DL BW configuration
– PHICH configuration
– System Frame Number (8 MBS bits)
• PBCH enables blind detection of:
– DL antenna configuration {1TX, 2TX, 4TX} via CRC masking
– 40 ms timing (2 LSB bits of SFN) via 40ms scrambling
For internal use

PBCH Structure
• Frequency:
– Occupies central 72 sub-carriers (excluding the DC)
• Time:
– TTI/scrambling period: 40ms
– Duration: first 4 OFDM symbols in slot #1
• TBS:
– Fixed TB size of 40 bits (including 16 bit CRC)
• Transmission Scheme:
– QPSK, Tail Biting Convolutional Coding
– TX diversity: none, SFBC, SFBC-FSTD depending on the number of cell-specific
antenna ports
For internal use

Physical Layer Downlink
DL-Physical Data & Control Channels
One MIB (information bits + spare bits + CRC)
PBCH
Code and rate-matching (repetition) to number of bits available on PBCH in 40 ms
Segmentation into four equal sized individually self-decodable units
40 ms transmission time interval of PBCH

Used bandwidth
6 RBs
One radio frame
PBCH
Synchronization signals
1 RB
Reserved for reference singals
Remark: PBCH does not use blocks reserved for reference signals
One subframe (2 slots) 1 ms
For internal use

Physical Layer Downlink
DL-Physical Data & Control Channels
PCFICH
• General
– Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) carries the CFI (Control Format Indicator)
▪ (Indicates the number of OFDM symbols used for transmission of control channel information in each subframe)
– Carriers dedicated to MBSFN have no physical control channel and therefore no PCFICH
– 4 code words defined
▪ 3 CFIs used and one reserved for future use (see table below)
CFI CFI codeword <b0, b1, b2,……b31>
1 <0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>
2 <1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>
3 <1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,>
4 (reserved) <0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,>
• Transmitted
– In the first OFDM symbol in a subframe
– The 32 bits of the CFI are mapped to 16 REs using QPSK modulation
– PCFICH is transmitted on the same antenna ports as the PBCH (1Tx, SFBC, SFBC-FSTD)
– Cell specific offset is added
– Cell specific scrambling
For internal use

Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
(PCFICH)
• The PCFICH carries information about the number of OFDM symbols used
for control signaling in a subframe
• Transmitted in the first OFDM symbol in a subframe with a target error
probability of 10-3
• The set of possible OFDM symbols for control signaling given in table
Subframe Number of OFDM symbols

for PDCCH and PHICH
Subframe 1 and 6 for frame
1,2
structure type 2 (TDD)
MBSFN subframes on a carrier
supporting both PMCH and 1,2
PDSCH
MBSFN subframes on a carrier
0
not supporting PDSCH
All other subframes 1,2,3 (2,3,4 for 1.4 MHz)
For internal use

PCFICH Mapping to Resource Elements
• The mapping is done in terms of quadruplets of modulation symbols for each

antenna port
• A quadruplet is defined as d(4i), d(4i+1), d(4i+2), d(4i+3)
• Reference symbols REs are always reserved for at least 2Tx antennas
• The four quadruplets shall be mapped to four resource element groups (REG)
(aka mini-CCE) in the first OFDM symbol
frequency
– Example: 72 RB case (1.4 MHz):
Ant 0 d0 d1 d2 d3
Ant 1 -d1 * d0* -d3 * d2*
frequency
frequency Ant 0 d0 d1
Resource
element Ant 1 d2 d3
group Starting position depends
on cell id Ant 2 -d1 * d0*
Distance between mini-CCEs
Ant 3 -d3 * d2*
 
k  NscRB 2  N ID
cell DL
mod 2N RB 
N RB
DL
2  N scRB 2
For internal use

PHICH
• For HARQ ACK/NACK signaling the PHICH is
deployed.
• A PHICH is defined by its PHICH group number
and an orthogonal sequence number within the Sequence
Index
Orthogonal sequence
group. Normal CP Extended CP
• PHICH modulation is BPSK. Applying I/Q 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

separation and an SF=4 yields 8 orthogonal 1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
sequences for normal CP. SF 2 is in use in case of 2 +1 +1 -1 -1 +j +j
extended CP, hence there are 4 orthogonal 3 +1 -1 -1 +1 +j -j
sequences. I,e. in total there may be 8 .. 224 4 +j +j +j +j
PHICHs in one subframe.
• Example:, BW=15 subcarriers normal CP, Ng=1/6,
5 +j -j +j -j
 1 PHICH group. 12 symbols are to be 6 +j +j -j -j
transmitted. They form a mapping unit which is 7 +j -j -j +j

further split in three quadruplets and mapped to
REs as shown in the figure below
• NRBDL : DL BW / RBs
• Ng = 1/6, 1/2, 1, 2. setting: phichRes

 N g N DL
RB 8  for normal cyclic prefix
N PHICH  
group

2   N g N 
DL
RB 8  for extended cyclic prefix
For internal use

PHICH Association and Resource Indication
• PHICH duration:
– 1 or 3 OFDM symbols in normal subframes (indicated via PBCH)
– 1 or 2 OFDM symbols in MBSFN subframes and in DwPTS (Downlink
Pilot Time Slot)
• PHICH linked to UL PRB
• Scattered grouping - spreads out the PHICH of adjacent PRBs to different
PHICH groups
• When DM RS (Demodulation Reference Signal) CS (Cyclic Shift) index is
configured in UL grant, use DMRS CS index as modifier to adjust PHICH
allocation
– Avoid PHICH collision e.g. in case of UL MU-MIMO
– Balance power among PHICH groups
• PHICH indexing:
– Both index of the group and within the group depend on first UL PRB index and UL
DM RS Cyclic Shift
For internal use

Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
• The PHICH carries the hybrid ARQ ACK/NACK corresponding to uplink

transmissions
• Up to 8 Ack/Nacks (PHICHs) can be mapped to the same PHICH group separated
by Walsh sequences
• group seq
A PHICH is identified uniquely by the index pair nPHICH , nPHICH  
• BPSK modulation
• Cell-specific scrambling and spreading with:
– Spreading Factor 4 for normal CP
– Spreading Factor 2 for extended CP
• The resulting sequence is mapped to 3 REGs by 3/6-fold repetition
For internal use

PDCCH Overview
• The PDCCH carries the UL and DL scheduling assignments

• A PDCCH is transmitted on an aggregation of one 1, 2, 4 or 8 control channel
elements (CCE). A CCE consists of 36 REs
• The aggregations of CCEs have a tree structure, where an aggregation consisting
of n CCEs starts on position (i mod n), where i is the CCE number
• Further restrictions on the aggregations are defined with a Hashing function
described later
Aggregation of 8 CCEs
Aggregation of 1 CCE
CCE number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
For internal use

DL - L1/L2 control info: PDCCH Resources
• The MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH parameter defines how many OFDM
symbols can be used.
• eNB selects the actual value for each TTI, which is signalled to UE in PCFICH. (Note, RL09
and RL10 uses fix allocation)
• Range: 1, 2, 3 (BW > 1.4 MHz);
• Range: 2, 3, 4 (BW = 1.4 MHz)
• setting: maxNrSymPdcch
• Example shows dynamic case for MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=3
(yellow)
For internal use

Physical Layer Downlink Summary
DL-Physical Data & Control Channel
1 Radio Frame (10 ms) / 10 Subframes / 10 TTIs (1MS) / 140 Symbols
(normal CP / Antenna Port 0 / 2x2 MIMO / 3 OFDM Symbols for PDCCH)
DL-Channel
Overview
PSS
Total System Bandwidth e.g. 10MHz (50 RBs)
SSS
Central 72 subcarriers (6 RBs)
RS
PBCH
PDCCH
PDCCH + PFICH + PHICH
Unused / reserved
PDSCH
Frequency
For internal use Time
Exercise: PDCCH Resources
Task:
• Consider cell configuration: BW=50 PRB, 2 antenna ports, normal CP
• MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=2
• Ng = 1/6
Calculate the number of available PDCCHs.

Assume for frequency of occurancies of different aggregation levels (AL)
AL4 is 2 times the frequency of AL8
AL2 is 2 times the frequency of AL4
AL1 is 1/2 times the frequency of AL2
For internal use

Solution: PDCCH Resources
Task:
• Consider cell configuration: BW=50 PRB, 2 antenna ports, normal CP
• MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=3
• Ng = 1/6
Calculate the max number of PDCCHs.
Solution:
- 1st symbol yields 2 RBGs per PRB x 50 PRB = 100 RBGs
- 2nd yields each 3 x 50 = 150 RBGs. Total: 250 RBGs.
- 4 RBGs for PCFICH, 2x3=6 for PHICH  240 RBGs remain for PDCCH
- 390 div 9 = 26 CCEs are available
- For 1 distribution 1xAL8 + 2xAL4 + 4xAL2+2xAL1
- Aggregation level 8  1x = 8 CCEs
26 CCEs are consumed for 9 PDCCH.
Note: due to allocation constraints some might be blocked
For internal use

PDCCH Multiplexing and Scrambling
• PDCCH is FEC encoded and aggregated (rate matched) to 1, 2, 4 or 8 CCEs

• The PDCCHs are concatenated, possible with CCE holes in between due to
placement restrictions. Unspecified bits are added so that the PDCCHs occupy the
whole space reserved for PDCCH transmission
• The block of bits are scrambled with a cell-specific Gold code
PDCCHs
FEC and rate matching
Unspecified
PDCCH0 bits PDCCH1 PDCCH2 PDCCH3 PDCCH4 Unspecified bits PDCCH5 Unspecified bits
CCEs
CCE aggregation
Scrambling
For internal use

PDCCH Mapping to Resource Elements
• The block of quadruplets for each antenna port is permuted with the sub-block
interleaver, where interleaving is done on symbol quadruplets
• The block of permuted quadruplets are then cyclically shifted
• The quadruplets are cyclically shifted and finally mapped to resource element
groups (aka mini-CCEs), which have not been allocated to a PCFICH or a PHICH,
in a time first order.
– Example mapping for 2 TX:
3 5 8 RS
2 4 7 REG
time 1 6
frequency
For internal use

Downlink Control Information (DCI)
• A DCI transports control information for one MAC ID, which is implicitly signaled in
the CRC.
– Format 0
▪ Used for defining the transmission of PUSCH assignments
– Format 1
▪ Used for defining the transmission of PDSCH assignments for single codeword (SCW) operation
– Format 1A
▪ Compact form for the transmission of PDSCH assignments for SCW operation. Has same size as format 0
– Format 1B
▪ Compact form like 1A but supports closed-loop rank 1 precoding
– Format 1C
▪ Signaling for PCH, RACH and BCCH on DLSCH (aka dynamic BCCH)
– Format 1D
▪ Like DCI 1A but supports power offsets for DL MU-MIMO and TPMI
– Format 2
▪ Used for defining the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for Closed-Loop MIMO operation
– Format 2A
▪ Used for defining the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for Open-Loop MIMO operation
– Format 3
▪ Used for TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments. Has same size as format 0
– Format 3A
▪ Used for TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments. Has same size as format 0
For internal use

DCI Format 1
Control information for 10 MHz BW for FDD, 1TX/TxDiv

Fields for Format 1 Bits Comments
Resource allocation
1 Indicates resource allocation type 0 or 1
header
RB allocation 17 Resource allocation type 0 or 1
MCS 5
Hybrid ARQ process
3 3 for FDD, max 4 for TDD
number
New data indicator 1 Toggled for each new transport block
Redundancy version 2
TPC 2 Power control of PUCCH
RNTI / CRC 16 16 bit RNTI implicitly encoded in CRC
Total 47
For internal use

Format 1A
Compact control information for 10 MHz BW for FDD, 1Tx/TxDiv
Fields for Format 1A Bits Comments

Uplink grant or downlink assignment (Flag for format0/format1A
Format 1
differentiation)
Distributed transmission 1
RB assignment 12 Resource allcation type 2
MCS 5
Hybrid ARQ process
3 (4 bits for TDD)
number
New data indicator 1 Toggled for each new transport block
Redundancy version 2 {0, 1, 2, 3}
RNTI / CRC 16 16 bit RNTI implicitly encoded in CRC
Total 43
For internal use

Format 2
Control information for 10 MHz BW, SU-MIMO
Fields for format 2 Bits Comment

Resource allocation header 1 Indicates allocation type 0 or 1
RB allocation 17 Resource allocation type 0 or 1
Hybrid ARQ process number 3 3 for FDD, max 4 for TDD
Indicates whether the two transport blocks should be swapped before being
HARQ swap flag 1
mapped to codewords
MCS, first transport block 5
New data indicator (1st TB) 1 Toggled for each new transport block
Redundancy version (1st TB) 2
MCS, second transport block 5
New data indicator (2n TB) 1 Toggled for each new transport block
Redundancy version (2nd TB) 2
3 bits for 2 Tx, 6 bits for 4 Tx. This field is jointly coded with PMI, rank indicator
Precoding information 3-6 and PMI report indicator. For open loop MIMO 0 or 2 bits are used for the 2Tx
and 4Tx cases respectively
RNTI / CRC 16
Total 59 For closed loop MIMO 2 Tx FDD
For internal use

PDCCH Blind Detection
• The UE is required to blindly decode the control region in order to find a

PDCCH with its own RNTI or common RNTIs
– Max. number of 44 blind decoding trials per subframe
• Because the total number of potential PDCCHs is very high a hashing function
is used to assign the CCEs that a UE shall monitor
• Common search space (CSS):
– Two DCI sizes are possible in CSS: DCI 0/1A/3/3A and DCI 1C
• UE specific search space (USS): Each UE will additionally monitor a set of
control channel candidates at each aggregation level.
– Two DCI sizes are possible in USS DCI 0/1A and DCI 1/1B/2/2A1D
Search CCE Aggregation Size in CCEs # of PDCCH

space level candidates
1 6 6
2 12 6
UE-specific
4 8 2
8 16 2
4 16 4
Common
8 16 2
For internal use

DL L1/L2: Exercise
• Indicate PHICH and the other DL phys. channels / signals.
• Which value is used for Ng, 1/6, 1/2, 1, 2 ?
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
For internal use
DL L1/L2 - Parameters
For internal use

UL Channels
The mapping of transport channels and UL control information (UCI) to physical

channels is a task of the physical layer (PHY). Furthermore reference signals are
provided by the physical layer which do not transfer any higher layer information.
Logical channel mapping is provided by the MAC layer.
Physical channel for data and signalling from higher layers:

• Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH.
• Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH.
Physical channels with UL control - related signalling:

• Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUCCH.
and signals with no information of higher layers:

• Demodulation Reference Signals (DRS).
• Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).
For internal use

UL Channel Mapping
Upper Layers
RLC
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
MAC
UL-SCH
RACH
UCI
PHY
PUCCH
PUSCH
PRACH
DRS
SRS
Air interface
For internal use

UE Channel state information (CSI) feedback types in LTE
• The purpose of CSI feedback is to provide
the eNodeB information about DL channel
state to help in the scheduling decision.
• Compared to the WCDMA/HSPA, the main
new feature in the channel feedback is the
frequency selectivity of the report
• CSI is measured by the UE and signaled to (1) eNodeB
the eNodeB using PUCCH or PUSCH transmission
• Channel state information in LTE can be
divided into three categories:
– CQI - Channel Quality Indicator (2) UE CSI
– RI - Rank Indicator measurement
(3) UE
– PMI - Precoding Matrix Indicator feedback
• In general the CSI reported by the UE is just a
recommendation
– The eNodeB does not need to follow it
• The corresponding procedure for providing
information about the UL channel state is
called Channel Sounding and it is done using
the Sounding Reference Symbols, SRS (not
considered in this presentation)
For internal use

Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
• The most important part of

CQI index modulatio coding rate x efficiency
channel feedback is the CQI n 1024
• The CQI is defined as a table

0 out of range
1 QPSK 78 0.1523
containing 16 entries with 2
3
QPSK
QPSK
120
193
0.2344
0.3770
modulation and coding 4 QPSK 308 0.6016
schemes (MCSs) 5 QPSK 449 0.8770
6 QPSK 602 1.1758
• The UE shall report back the 7 16QAM 378 1.4766
highest CQI index 8
9
16QAM
16QAM
490
616
1.9141
2.4063
corresponding to the MCS for 10 64QAM 466 2.7305
which the transport block 11
12
64QAM
64QAM
567
666
3.3223
3.9023
BLER shall not exceed 10% 13 64QAM 772 4.5234
14 64QAM 873 5.1152
15 64QAM 948 5.5547
For internal use

CQI Measurement
• The CQI report transmitted in the uplink subframe n+4

corresponds to the reference period of the downlink subframe
n for FDD.
• This ensures that the UE has always at least 2.33 ms
processing time for the CQI measurement
Transmission DL Subframe #0 DL Subframe #1 DL Subframe #2 DL Subframe #3 DL Subframe #4 DL Subframe #5
at eNB
Propagation delay
Reception DL Subframe #0 DL Subframe #1 DL Subframe #2 DL Subframe #3 DL Subframe #4 DL Subframe #5

at UE
DL/UL offset indicated by Timing Advance Command 2 ms
Transmission UL Subframe #4
UL Subframe #0 UL Subframe #1 UL Subframe #2 UL Subframe #3 UL Subframe #5 UL Subframe #6
at UE CQI is reported
Propagation delay
Reception UL Subframe #0 UL Subframe #1 UL Subframe #2 UL Subframe #3 UL Subframe #4 UL Subframe #5

at eNB
For internal use

Rank Indicator (RI)
• Rank Indicator is only relevant when the UE is operating in

MIMO modes with spatial multiplexing
– For single antenna operation or TX diversity it is not used
• RI is the UEs recommendation for the number of layers to be
used in spatial multiplexing
• The RI can have values {1 or 2} with 2-by-2 antenna
configuration and {1, 2, 3, or 4} with 4-by-by antenna
configuration
• The RI is always associated to one or more CQI reports
For internal use

Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI)
• PMI provides information about the preferred Precoding Matrix
• Just like RI, also PMI is relevant to MIMO operation only
– MIMO operation with PMI feedback is called Closed Loop MIMO
Codebook Number of layers 

i
n
d
e
x
1 2
1 1
0  
2 1
1 1 1 1 1 
1    
2  1 2 1 1
1 1  1 1 1 
2     j 
2  j 2j
1  1 
3  
2  j 
Example: codebook for 2 TX antennas

For internal use
Periodic and Aperiodic reporting
• The channel feedback reporting in LTE is divided into two
main categories: Periodic and Aperiodic
Periodic reporting Aperiodic Reporting

• The baseline mode for CQI/PMI/RI • Aperiodic reports are explicitly
transmission is periodic reporting on triggered by the eNodeB using a
PUCCH specific bit in the PDCCH UL grant
• If the UE is scheduled to send UL data in • Aperiodic report can be either
the subframe where it should transmit piggybacked with data or sent alone
periodic CQI/PMI/RI, the periodic report is on PUSCH
moved to PUSCH and multiplexed with data
• Possibility for large and detailed
• The eNodeB configures the periodicity reports (up to more than 60 bits)
parameters
The two modes can also be used to
• The size of a single report is limited up to complement each other:
about 11 bits depending on the reporting
- The UE can be e.g. configured to send
mode Aperiodic reports only when it is
• Limited amount of frequency information scheduled, while periodic reports can
provide coarse channel information on a
regular basis
For internal use

CQI compression schemes (1/2)
• Compared to the WCDMA/HSPA, the main new feature in the channel
feedback is the frequency selectivity of the report
– This is an enabler for the Frequency Domain packet Scheduling (FDPS)
• Since providing a full 4-bit CQI for all the PRBs would mean excessive UL
signaling overhead, some feedback compression schemes are used
• In order to reduce feedback, the CQI is reported per subband basis
– The size of the subbands varies depending on the reporting mode and system
bandwidth
• The main compression methods are:
– Wideband feedback
– Best-M average aka UE selected subband feedback
– Full Feedback aka Higher Layer Configured subband feedback
• Additionally, Delta compression can be used
– E.g. in MIMO case the CQI for the 2nd Code Word can be signaled as a 3-bit
delta relative to the CQI of the CQI of the 1st CW
For internal use

CQI compression schemes (2/2)
• Wideband feedback
– Only a single CQI value is fed back for the whole system band
– Cannot be utilized in FDPS
• Best-M average aka UE selected subband feedback
– For the M best subband an average CQI value is reported
M = 3 best Subbands are selected and an average CQI value is reported
Channel SINR
An example of Best-M
Average reporting with
3 MHz BW
Subband index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PRB index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
• Full Feedback aka Higher Layer Configured subband feedback

– A separate CQI is reported for each subband using Delta compression
For internal use

CQI periodic reporting on PUCCH
• Wideband feedback or UE selected subband
• Period configurable
– 2, 5, 10, 16, 32, 40, 64, 80, 160 ms, off
• A single CQI result per report
– Best subband per BW part
• Configured by higher layer signalling
BW / RB Subband BW Parts (J)

Size k
6-7 NA NA
8-10 4 1
11-26 4 2
27-63 6 3
64-110 8 4
For internal use

Categorization of CQI/PMI/rank reporting options
The maximum number of feedback bits
for each option Assuming 20 MHz BW
and 4*4 CL MIMO is listed excluding RI
- With Periodic reporting RI is sent in
Single or Multi-PMI = closed loop LTE CQI separate subframes with potentially
MIMO with PMI feedback
reporting family larger periodicity
No PMI = Single antenna, TxDiv or - In Aperiodic reporting The RI is
OL MIMO tree separately coded with each CQI/PMI
report
Periodic Aperiodic
Wideband Frequency selective Single CQI Best-M Average Full Feedback
Multi PMI No PMI Multi-PMI No PMI Single PMI

No PMI Single PMI No PMI Single PMI
1-2 Mode 2-0 Mode 2-2 Mode 3-0 Mode 3-1
Mode 1-0 Mode 1-1 Mode 2-0 Mode 2-1
60 bits 24 bits 38 bits 30 bits 64 bits
4 bits 11 bits 6 bits 11 bits
For internal use

PDCCH Uplink Grant
• The eNodeB allocates the Uplink resources to the UEs by sending an UL
Grant
UL Grant contents
•Resource Block assignment
–Indicates the PRB the UE may use for transmission
–Signaling format: index of starting PRB & number of contiguous PRBs
•Modulation and Coding Scheme and the Redundancy version (5 bits)
•Power control command (2 bits)
•Cyclic Shift for the demodulation reference symbols
•CQI request flag
•PUSCH Hopping flag
•New data indicator
TDD specific
•UL index (indicates which UL subframe the grant refers to)
•Downlink assignment index
For internal use

Zadoff-Chu sequences
• Zadoff-Chu sequences are used as
– UL demodulation and sounding reference signals
– random access preamble sequence
– DL primary synchronization signal
• ZC sequences are CAZAC (constant amplitude zero
autocorrelation) sequences
– Low cubic metric and flat frequency response
• The elements of ZC sequence are points from unit circle
• It is possible to create ZC sequences of any length with
relatively simple formulas
• Depending on sequence length different number of base/root
sequences can be formed
– Sequence with prime number of elements is optimal
– Root sequence can be considered as circular. Different cyclic shifts of
a root sequence can be obtained by changing the starting element
▪ Cyclic shift must larger than time ambiguity of received sequence
For internal use

UL DM RS
Cell A Cell B Cell C
freq Orthogonal DM RS
High cross-
correlation
UE 1 UE 2
UE 3
• The good cross correlation properties of ZC sequences are

only applicable between sequences of the same length
– Cells of the same eNB may have coordination in scheduling but
generally it can not be assumed that UL allocations in the neighboring
cells are the same
• When UL allocations are not coordinated high cross
correlations are possible between UEs in neighboring cells
• In order to average the cross correlations, DM RS sequences
change between slots. Both root sequence and cyclic shift
can change when group hopping/sequence hopping and
cyclic shift hopping are used
For internal use

Uplink Control Signaling: Single carrier limitations:
PUCCH vs. PUSCH Simultaneous transmission of PUCCH and PUSCH is
not allowed. Separate control resources for the cases
with and without UL data are required
• PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control • PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared

Channel) Channel)
– Used when the UE is not sending – Used when the UE transmits also
data simultaneously
data
– Shared frequency and time
resource reserved exclusively for – UE-specific resource that can be
the UEs transmitting only L1/L2 used for L1/L2 control signaling
control signals (based on scheduling decisions
– Optimized for large number of made by Node B)
simultaneous UEs with relatively – Capable to transmit control signals
small number of control signaling with large range of supported
bits per UE (1…11) control sizes (1… 64 bits)
– Very high multiplexing capacity, – TDM between control and data
spectral efficiency e.g.
(multiplexing is made prior DFT)
▪ 18 UEs/RB transmitting ACK/NACK
(PUCCH Format 1a/1b)
▪ 6 UEs/RB transmitting 11-bit CQI +
2-bit A/N (PUCCH Format 2b)
For internal use

PUCCH, basics
• PUCCH (from single-UE perspective)

– Frequency resource of one RB
– Time resource of one sub-frame (A/N repetition is also supported)
• Slot based frequency hopping is always used
– It provides the sufficient degree of frequency diversity
– Hopping takes place on the band edges, symmetrically over the center
frequency
• Multiplexing between UEs
– FDM btw RBs Resource block
– CDM inside the RB

system
PUCCH
bandwidth
slot
For internal use
PUCCH, UE Multiple Access Within a RB
• UEs are separated using of CDM (within an RB)

• Two orthogonal CDM techniques are applied on PUCCH
– CDM using cyclic shifts of CAZAC* sequence
– CDM using block-wise spreading with the orthogonal cover sequence
• Multiplexing example: PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b (e.g., A/N)

– Both CDM techniques are in use -> 18 parallel resources
block-wise spreading
SF=4 Cyclic Orthogonal cover code

shift 0 1 2
0 0 12
SF=3 1 6
2 1 13
3 7
RS RS RS
CDM in 4 2 14
5 8
slot
CS
6 3 15
domain 7 9
8 4 16
9 10
*) The applied sequences are not true CAZAC but computer 10 5 17
For internal use 11 11
searched
63 © NokiaZero-Autocorrelation
Siemens Networks LTE(ZAC) sequences
Radio Parameters / v001 / Document Number
PUCCH Formats (1/2)
• Format 1/1a/1b
– Length-12 CAZAC sequence modulation + block-wise
spreading
• Format 2/2a/2b
– Length-12 CAZAC sequence modulation
PUCCH formats Control type

PUCCH Format 1 Scheduling request
PUCCH Format 1a 1-bit ACK/NACK
PUCCH Format 1b 2-bit ACK/NACK
PUCCH Format 2 CQI
PUCCH Format 2a CQI + 1-bit ACK/NACK
PUCCH Format 2b CQI + 2-bit ACK/NACK
For internal use

Scheduling request (SR)
• Scheduling Request mechanism is used for the active mode

UEs having no valid UL grant for PUSCH available
– UE can indicate the need to transmit UL data by sending a SR
– Non-contention based: a distinct SR resource is given to each UE
• Scheduling request indicator (SRI) utilizes PUCCH Format 1:
– 2 states, On-off –keying: only positive SR is transmitted
• SR scheme is compatible with the ACK/NACK structure
– Multiplexing capacity: 18 UEs/sub-frame (every second
CS used)
UE eNB
1 Scheduling Request Indicator

asynchronous
Uplink Scheduling Grant 2
3 Scheduling Request + Data
For internal use

Mapping of logical PUCCH resources into physical
PUCCH resources
• Periodic CQI is located at the outermost RBs
– These resources are allocated explicitly via RRC
• SR and persistent A/N are next to Periodic CQI
– These resources are allocated explicitly via RRC
• Dynamic A/N is located at the innermost PUCCH RBs
– Allocated implicitly based on PDCCH allocation
m=1 m=0
m=3 m=2
system
PUCCH
bandwidth
m=2 m=3
m=0 m=1
For internal use slot

Capacity of PUCCH resources
Configuration example:
PUSCH
RB (180 kHz)
Frame (10 msec)
6 CS  6 UEs (12 CS  12 UEs) 10 msec period, 2 RB  total 120 UEs (240)
6 CS & 3 cover codes  18 UEs 5 msec period, 2 RB  total 180 UEs
6 CS & 3 cover codes  18 Ues per subframe
For internal use

Control signaling on PUSCH (1/2)
• TDM multiplexing between control and data

– Data and the different control fields (ACK/NAK, CQI/PMI) are mapped to
separate modulation symbols
▪ Separate coding btw data and control
▪ Separate coding btw different control fields
Data symbols
MUX DFT IFFT
• Same gain factor for control and data ACK/NACK symbols CP
CQI symbols
• Control modulation
– CQI utilizes the same modulation as data
– ACK/NACK is transmitted always using QPSK constellation
▪ Outermost constellation points are selected in the case of 16QAM/64QAM
For internal use

Control signaling on PUSCH (2/2)
• Control and data multiplexing is performed in such that
control is present on both slots of the subframe ( FH gain
when available)
– ACK/NACK is placed next to RS (at maximum 2 blocks/slot for A/N)
– Rank indicator is placed next to the A/N (at maximum 2 blocks/slot for
RI) slot #1 slot #2
RI+data AN+data DM RS AN+data RI+data RI+data AN+data DM RS AN+data RI+data
• Time-first mapping for CQI

▪ CQI resources are placed at the
beginning of the SC-FDMA
Symbols
• ACK/NACK is placed at the end
of the SC-FDMA symbols
For internal use

Channel coding for UL control information
• PUCCH
– Format 1/1a/1b: repetition coding only
– PUCCH Format 2/2a/2b, CQI: Block coding, (20, N)
• PUSCH
– 1-bit ACK/NACK or RI: repetition coding only
– 2-bit ACK/NACK or RI: simplex coding
– 4…11 bit CQI: Block coding, (32, N)
– CQI>11 bits: Tail-biting convolutional coding (1/3), CRC
For internal use

NOT IN RL10
Sounding reference signal
PRB sub-
iframe i +1
1
• SRS is used to assist 3
1 1
frequency dependent 5
scheduling 7
• Wide BW signal or frequency

9
11
hopping/scanning can be 13
used to obtain info about 15
channel characteristics 17
outside current PUSCH 19
frequencies 21
• Zadoff-Chu sequences are

23
25 Cell specific SRS
used. UEs can be multiplexed 27
bandwidth
to same resources by 29
– Interleaved FDMA (every 31
other subcarrier is used by 33
one UE) 35
– Different cyclic shifts 37

39 Transmission from one
• SRS can also be used as 41 UE (example)
reference for timing advance 43
measurements. Low 45
periodicity is sufficient in this 47
case 49
PUSCH (scheduled) PUSCH (persistent)

DM RS
For internal use
PUCCH
SRS
NOT IN RL10
Sounding Reference Signal
• The sequence index is derived from the PUCCH base sequence index.
• The cyclic shift is signalled to the UE.
• SRS bandwith depends on the cell bandwith and the configuration.
• Frequency hopping can be deployed.
• Every second RE in frequency domain is transmitted.
• Not transmitted if PUCCH is needed.
• For RL09 and RL10: SRS n/a
For internal use

CQI Reporting - Parameters
For internal use

PUCCH - Parameters
For internal use

Sounding Reference Signal - Parameters
For internal use


02 LTE Radio Parameters Chann Config RL10 002

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02 LTE Radio Parameters Chann Config RL10 002

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Channel Configuration

LTE Radio Parameters RL10

LTEPAR Pilot Düsseldorf CW 22 2010 & Reviewed

For internal use

Intellectual Property Rights

For internal use

For internal use

For internal use

For internal use

Resource Block (RB)

• Basic unit of resource

• 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain

Bit Rates per Symbol rate = 168 ksps

• Bit Rates per Resource Block  Number of Resource Blocks

Figures in Mbps Channel Bandwidth

For internal use

• PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel

• PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel

For internal use

For internal use

100 kHz FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL – NOffs-DL)

FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL – NOffs-UL)

Example (band 12) EARFCN

For internal use

– 10ms and 5ms timing

L1 id, slot (0/10)

For internal use

Df = 15 kHz, UL/DL - Normal Prefix

Slot = 15360 Ts = 500µs

Df = 15 kHz, UL/DL - Extended Prefix

Cyclic Prefix OFDM Symbol (Time Domain Samples)

For internal use

• Subframe length is 1 ms for all bandwidths

Short cyclic prefix: Ts: ‘sampling time’ of the

= Cyclic prefix Copy Ts = 32.5nsec

For internal use

For internal use

Secondary Synchronisation Signal (SSS)

Primary Synchronisation Signal (PSS)

Scrambling code: Z1(m0) Scrambling code: Z1(m1)

PSS-based scrambling (related

... ... ... ...

SSC1 (m0) SSC2 (m1) SSC1 (m1) SSC2 (m0)

1st SSS in a frame (subframe 0) 2nd SSS in a frame (subframe 5)

For internal use

• Common Reference Signals:

For internal use

Resource Element (RE) k, l

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3

For internal use

• PBCH carriers essential system information like:

For internal use

For internal use

Segmentation into four equal sized individually self-decodable units

40 ms transmission time interval of PBCH

One radio frame

Reserved for reference singals

One subframe (2 slots) 1 ms

For internal use

For internal use

Subframe Number of OFDM symbols

For internal use

• The mapping is done in terms of quadruplets of modulation symbols for each

Ant 1 -d1 * d0* -d3 * d2*