E PT 4046 PROJECT

6299: DEVELOPMENT OF SELF

POWERED UMBRELLA
CHONG KAH LEONG,JOSHUA
1131122826 (B.ENG (HONS) MECHANICAL)
PROJECT OVERVIEW
SELF POWERED 03 04
UMBRELLA LITERATURE METHODOLOGY
REVIEW

02 05
INTRODUCTION EXPECTED
RESULT

01 06
OBJECTIVES CONCLUSION
 6299: Development of self
powered umbrella

OBJECTIVE
1. 2.
To identify and study To design and develop an
the available energy innovative umbrella
harvesting device prototype and circuit to
which can be used for maximise energy
self-powered harvesting
umbrella
 Cheaper PV Low Power Modern
Motivation modules Electronic Components
- Cost reduce by 99% since 1977 - Smaller PV module and battery storage
- Available in local market - Low cost, Easy and cheap to repair and maintain
- Harvest more clean energy - Low weight, friendly user, flexible, reliable

Road Dangers During Rain User Comfort Design and Functionality

- Puddle Splash - Semi-Automated - Function outside human control
- Dark Conditions - Flat head for vertical placement - Function as a lamp, a phone charger,
- Reduced Visibility - Counter weight for balance and easy digital thermometer, and a lighted canopy
- Lack of Safety Features lifting - Cube shaped for easy storage
like LED lightings - Twist free closing - Improved aesthetics, charging converge,
- Design flaws and lighting quality for existing product
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Backgrounds Study
1)Walking as Main Transportation
(Singapore, Japan, China)
2)Lack or Inadequate Street Lights &
Pedestrian Crossing in Malaysia
Problem Statement Available Energy
1) Heavy Rain Poses Dangers to
Pedestrian with Umbrella
1) Solar Energy : Photovoltaic (PV) Module
2) Kinetic Energy : PVDF & PZT Piezoelectric
2) Commercial Umbrella Design Do 3) Electrostatic & Kinetic Energy- Water-TENG
More Harm Than Good To The
Pedestrian

Innovative Umbrella Safety Features

- Energy Harvesting • Lightings Device
- Multipurpose • Bright Colours
- Improve User Safety • Smart Control
Project Result LCD Status Screen
Specification Shows solar panel and battery status

Self Sustained
Portable Power Supply
Easily opening and Solar panel charge the
closing, friendly user for battery autonomously
carrying or storing when there is enough
sunlight

Smart Lighting System Durable and

Constant lighting, blinking
Powerful Battery
lighting pattern based on Battery can operate for 4
weather condition or hours continuously under
personal setting dark conditions or 2 hours
under rainy condition

USB Phone
Weather
Charger
Resistant 2.0 USB 5V 2A phone
Able to withstand high charging ports .
heat, high humidity and
stormy conditions Lightweight & easy lifting
Less than 2kg in total weight and 0.5Nm in necessary lifting torque
RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATION INTO SELF-POWERED UMBRELLA
Renewable energy harvested should be:
1. Available at all places in the world.
2. Not consumed in material form
3. Does not pollute the environment.
4. Lightweight, practical and does not poses a danger to the users.

Renewable Benefits Limitation Application

Energy
1. Wind Energy Lowest environmental impacts of all Unpredictable wind flow No
energy sources. Suited in large flat agricultural
land/ grazing area
2. Solar Energy Sun is an everyday energy source, Expensive initial cost, Long pay Yes
Unlimited in supply, no thermal, air and back period
water pollution
3. Rain Energy Each falling raindrop has free kinetic and It is insufficient to power a mobile Yes
electrostatic energy. Pollution free device
 Operating mechanism
Solar Energy Photons is converted to electron kinetic energy (heat). Electron
flow into electric field in the depletion region and is then sweep
by it across the junction, creating a current

Photovoltaic Collector
1. Single-crystal silicon
• 15% to 18% efficient, expensive Setup
2. Poly-crystalline silicon
1. Solar Cell (individual)
Definition • 12% to 16% efficient, cheaper
2. Module ( Cell in parallel or
Light and heat energy 3. Amorphous silicon (non-crystalline)
series)
from sun • 4% to 8 % efficient, cheapest
3. String ( Module in parallel
or series)
4. Array (String in parallel or
series)

Harvesting Method
1. Solar photovoltaics,
CONS
2. Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV), 1. Expensive initial cost (>$3/ W)
3. Concentrated solar power (CSP), 2. Effectiveness dependent on
4. Solar architecture sunshine. Operate 4 hours a day Conclusion
5. Artificial photosynthesis ( 11 a.m. to 3 p.m.)
3. Need direct sunlight to collect Solar Panels is solar most suitable to
power more efficiently be used because:
• Getting cheaper and lighter
• Come in different shape and size
• Produce good output energy
PROS density (170 W/m²)
1. Clean renewable resource. • Locally available
2. Quiet to create and harness.
Type 3. Little impact on the surrounding environment.
Direct and Indirect Solar Energy 4. Have no moving parts, easy and cheap maintenance
Active and Passive Solar Technique 5. Durable and last for a long time (25 years)
3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
1) Mark A.Delucchi a,n, MarkZ.Jacobson “Energy Policy: Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part II:
Reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies “Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Davis, 31
December 2010
Interconnect dispersed naturally variable energy sources
Interconnect Solar, Wind and Rain Energy to smoothens out power supply or demand
01
Use complementary & non variable energy sources 02
Power from battery or power supply are used to fills the temporary gaps between demand
of solar energy generation

Use “Smart demand-response management 03

Smart lighting control is used to shift lighting intensity based on the weather condition 7 Ways to Design
Smart charging control is used to allow charging only when sufficient sunlight is available and Operate
Variable
Store electric power at the generation site 04 Renewable
Solar energy harvested is store in battery for later use Energy System
Use over-size renewable peak generation capacity
The PV modules should produce more than enough energy than required to provide 05
spare power once the renewable power is less than demand

Store electrical power in electric vehicle batteries

~ No Applicable in Self-Powered Umbrella ~ 06
Forecast the weather pattern 07
Plan when to generate energy for energy supply needs
2) D Vatansever, R L Hadimani, T Shah and E Siores “An investigation of energy harvesting from
renewable sources with PVDF and PZT”, Institute for Materials Research and Innovation,
University of Bolton, 19 April 2011

1. Four specimens are subjected to different releasing height of raindrops and wind speeds. Voltage and power
of the specimens were calculated
2. Applicable Power = Power Density X Average coverage of an Umbrella
Average coverage of an Umbrella : 1131120 c𝑚3 (radius of 60 cm)
Result
Specimen Characteristic Raindrop Wind speed Power Power Applicable
Test Voltage test Voltage Generated Density Power
(10m/s) (10m/s)
Long PVDF Lead free, 205 𝑋 10−3 61.6 V 93.6 μW 157.9 μW 178.6 W
Inexpensive and 𝑉𝑚𝑁 −1 𝑐𝑚−3
easy to fabricate
Short PVDF Light weight 21 𝑋 10−3 56.5 V - - -
Flexible 𝑉𝑚𝑁 −1
Single Layer PZT Semi-flexible, 50 𝑋 10−3 45.0 V 6.5 μW 9.67 μW 10.94 W
More costly 𝑉𝑚𝑁 −1 𝑐𝑚−3
Bimorph PZT 50 𝑋 10−3 40.0 V 3.6 μW 2.28 μW 2.58 W
𝑉𝑚𝑁 −1 𝑐𝑚−3

Conclusion:
Both PVDF and PZT are unable to be applied due to their water soluble property. Moreover PVDF
and PZT materials are still available not in the local market and are still under research
3) Zong-Hong Lin , Gang Cheng , Sangmin Lee , Ken C. Pradel , and Zhong Lin Wang, “Harvesting
Water Drop Energy by a Sequential Contact-Electrification and Electrostatic-Induction Process ”,
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,2014

1. Triboelectrification (Contact eletrification ) is when two different triboelectric polarity materials are brought to
contact, causing surface electron/ion/material transfer and create an electric potential difference after
separation.
2. Cyclical contacting and separating between opposite charge surfaces will generate a continuous output.
3. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) collect energy based on the working mechanism of the combination of
contact electrify cation and electrostatic induction
4. TENG require a relatively dry environment to provide a stable output as surface triboelectrification deteriorate
in the presence of water. It is usually coated with Superhydrophobic PTFE .
5. Raindrop is a triboelectricity material itself, carrying mechanical energy as it fall from the sky and electrostatic
energy during contact electrification process
Discussion Result of Water Drop Experiment (height = 20cm)

• TENG hierarchical mirco-structure contain trap air, reduce Parameters Output per raindrop
contact between surface and water drop, making the surface Peak voltage 9.3 V
superhydrophobic. This solution can be applied on previous Peak current 17 μA
Max output 145 μW
PVDF to solve its water soluble problem.
power (Light 20 LED
• Produce AC output. instantaneously)
• Double layering of Water-TENG will increase the output by two Surface Charge 4.5 μC 𝑐𝑚−2
times. Power Density 1.5 μA 𝑐𝑚−2
20 μW 𝑐𝑚−2
Applicable 226W
Power
Conclusion
Water-TENG is an excellent rain energy generator that solve the PVDF water soluble issue yet produce
higher output . It is however still not available in local market and thus not applicable. A concept of Water-
TENG smart umbrella is portrayed in Concept 3.
4.0 Methodology
Install sensors, mircocontroller, battery, charge
controller and LED lamp into electric boxes

Mount Boxes to top and Bottom 01

of the Umbrella 02

Attach Solar Panels and Elastic Buckle 03

on Fiberboard that is mounted to the
umbrella canopy
Install LED Strip Lights on theI canopy Assembly
04
and right sides of solar panels

Connects on the cables and relay them 05

through the the centre hollow tube
06
Programing the microcontroller 07
Waterproofing ,Testing and
Finalising of Prototype
 Umbrella: U-111 Unbreakable Umbrella (Standard)

Height: 1.0 m

Width: 1.2m

Reason:
8 mm retractable hollow steel pole
8 steel straight rib type
0.600 kg total weight
Price: RM 84
Elongated tip and cylinder handle
Can support a 100-kg weight
Auto-open mechanism
Guarantee unbreakable, lifetime replacement warranty
Rechargeable Battery: DC 12800 Li-ion Battery
• Light weight, small size, no battery memory, low and stable self discharge rate
Solar Panel: Ifone Solar Panel 12V 4.5W
• Lightweight (150g) , Suitable for Outdoors, Allow trickle charge of battery
 5 volt 12 volt

Project Block Diagram

10.8-12.6 Power
variable
voltage 7.4 volt 3.3 volt Control

12V DC 2A 10kΩ SMD 2528 12V

Solar Panels DC 12800 Li- LED RGB 12V
Adapter Power Variable 24W RGB LED
ion battery Amplifier
Socket Resistor Strip Lights

Sunix Charge
Controller Toggle
Switch 1kΩ 5 volt DC
12V 10A
12V Voltage resistor Light
Regulator
12V to 8.4V Toggle
Voltage & Voltage Regulator Switch
Current Sensor

Temperature
Sensor Ardiuno Uno R3

LCD Display

ADXL 337 BH1750 Digital Water Drop Rain

Accelerometer Light Sensor Sensor
Dual USB 5V
2A Ports
 5 volt 12 volt

Solar Charging
10.8-12.6 Power
variable
voltage 7.4 volt 3.3 volt Control

12V DC 2A 10kΩ SMD 2528 12V

Solar Panels DC 12800 Li- LED RGB 12V
Adapter Power Variable 24W RGB LED
ion battery Amplifier
Socket Resistor Strip Lights

Sunix Charge
Controller Toggle
Switch 1kΩ 5 volt DC
12V 10A
12V Voltage resistor Light
Regulator
12V to 8.4V Toggle
Voltage & Voltage Regulator Switch
Current Sensor

Temperature
Sensor Ardiuno Uno R3

LCD Display

ADXL 337 BH1750 Digital Water Drop Rain

Accelerometer Light Sensor Sensor
Dual USB 5V
2A Ports
 5 volt 12 volt

Manual Charging
10.8-12.6 Power
variable
voltage 7.4 volt 3.3 volt Control

12V DC 2A 10kΩ SMD 2528 12V

Solar Panels DC 12800 Li- LED RGB 12V
Adapter Power Variable 24W RGB LED
ion battery Amplifier
Socket Resistor Strip Lights

Sunix Charge
Controller Toggle
Switch 1kΩ 5 volt DC
12V 10A
12V Voltage resistor Light
Regulator
12V to 8.4V Toggle
Voltage & Voltage Regulator Switch
Current Sensor

Temperature
Sensor Ardiuno Uno R3

LCD Display

ADXL 337 BH1750 Digital Water Drop Rain

Accelerometer Light Sensor Sensor
Dual USB 5V
2A Ports
 5 volt 12 volt
10.8-12.6 Power
variable

Lightings Control voltage 7.4 volt 3.3 volt Control

12V DC 2A 10kΩ SMD 2528 12V

Solar Panels DC 12800 Li- LED RGB 12V
Adapter Power Variable 24W RGB LED
ion battery Amplifier
Socket Resistor Strip Lights

Sunix Charge
Controller Toggle
Switch 1kΩ 5 volt DC
12V 10A
12V Voltage resistor Light
Regulator
12V to 8.4V Toggle
Voltage & Voltage Regulator Switch
Current Sensor

Temperature
Sensor Ardiuno Uno R3

LCD Display

ADXL 337 BH1750 Digital Water Drop Rain

Accelerometer Light Sensor Sensor
Dual USB 5V
2A Ports
 An Outdoor Decoration
5.0 Expected Result Placed on top of a table vertically to make a patio,
Fashionable, weather resistant and portable .

A Pedestrian A Power
Presence Alert Generator
To alert other pedestrian Generate electrical
and drivers with blinking energy from the
colours lightning during surrounding and store
crossing them automatically

A Substitute
Street Light A Power Storage
Smart lightning system Power the whole umbrella
that adjust the brightness as well as external
according to the weather electrical mobile devices
condition and yet
comfortable to the eye

A Revolutionary Autonomous Umbrella

Suitable for all weather condition, daytime and nighttime. Self charging, self
operating, and self calibrating. Single step opening & closing.
Concepts of Self Powered Umbrella
1) Detachable Solar Panel Umbrella
Benefits :
1. Solar module is removed during strong rain and
wind to reduce stress
2. Solar module is mounted during sunny day
where less stress is applied to umbrella
3. Preserve the original weight of the umbrella
when it is not charging
4. Flat Head that enable vertical placement of
umbrella, thus avoid dripping mess
5. Higher electricity generation rate

Limitations :
1. Installing and removing solar module can
be a hassle.
2. Required extra storage to store solar
module
3. Heavy weight will cause discomfort and
difficult in handling the umbrella
Concepts of Self Powered Umbrella
2) Solar Box Umbrella
Benefits :
1. Large surface area for solar charging
2. Eliminate twist closing of umbrella
3. Charge without the need to open the
umbrella
4. Allow the use of higher efficiency poly-
crystalline solar module
5. Flat Head and Bottom that enable vertical
placement of umbrella, thus avoid
dripping mess

Limitations :
1. Weight is almost 2 to 3 times heavier
2. Solar panel is expose to outdoor abrasion
3. Difficult to open in tight spaces
4. Solar panels shape and size are rare in
local market
Concepts of Self Powered Umbrella
C) Smart Array Umbrella
Module Type:
1. Water-TENG: 226.22 Wh
2. Solar Film : 192.29 Wh
3. Long PVDF : 178.60 Wh
Benefits :
1. Lighter design compared to Solar Box
Umbrella
2. Largest solar charging coverage variant
3. Auto open and close mechanism
4. Larger lighting coverage
5. Maintain the original looks of an umbrella
Limitations :
1. Expensive initial cost, repair and
maintenance cost
2. Water-TENG and PVDF materials are not
locally available
3. Energy harvesting module require custom
manufacturing due to their unique size
and shape
Structure Design of
Solar Box Umbrella

Solar Box Umbrella (Opened)

 a) Top View
b) Exterior View c) Interior View

d) Front View E) Cross Sectional View F) Side View

Solar Box Umbrella (Opened)

Solar Box Umbrella (Closed)
 a) Top View

b) Bottom View c) Exterior View

d) Front Cross Sectional e) Front View f) Side Cross Sectional View g) Side View
View
Solar Box Umbrella (Closed)
Experiment 1: Auto Intensity Control of LED
Lightings
• To calibrate different lighting mode based on the outdoors
light intensity similar of that of street lights Lux Meter

Weather Optimal Light Required Light Output Power Saving

Intensity (lux) Intensity (lux) Voltage (V) Percentage (%)
Dusk (6.00 p.m.)
Nighttime (12.00 a.m.) Multimeter
Dawn (7.00 a.m.)
Overcast day
Fog
Light Shower
Heavy Rian

LED Lightings Smart Control Chart Box Solar

Umbrella
Experiment 1 Procedure STEP

01
STEP
STEP
08 02
STEP
STEP

07 03

STEP STEP

06 04
STEP

05
 Discussion :
1. Which colour of the LED light has the greatest penetration power ?
2. Which colour of LED lights consume the least energy?
3. What is the maximum coverage of the LED lightings for each condition?
4. What is the maximum operation time for a clear sunny day, a rainy day, an
overcast day and a foggy day?
5. What is the overall clear day power saving efficiency of a smart lighting system
?

Other Experiments:
1. Calculate the input power of the solar panel and output power of the LED
2. Determine Solar Box Umbrella output efficiency
3. Calculate battery charging rate for both manual and solar charging
4. To determine the amount of energy loss in the operation of solar box umbrella
 Solar Box Umbrella
ENERGY CALCULATION

LED Lightings
DC12800 Li-ion Battery Sunix Charge Controller Max Usage Time
No of Battery: 1 Controller Current: 10A 1 hour 58 mins
Battery Capacity : 3.0 Ah Double 5V 2A USB Ports
Voltage : 12V
Type: PWM
Energy Demand 16.3 5Wh

Comp Parameters Ifone Solar Panels Min Charging Time

Depth of Discharge: 85% No of PV: 4 3 hours 24 Minutes.
Safety factor : 1.3 Connection : All Parallel
Charge Coefficienct:1.5 Voltage: 12V
List of Material
 Selection of Components
1. Arduino Uno R3 Arduino Nano + 12V to 7.4V DC to DC Bulk Converter

Or +

Total Price : RM 19,

Total Weight: 25g
2. Sunix 10A 12/24V PWM
Battery Regulator Charge
Controller USB SU702
Total Price : RM 19.06
Total Weight: 17g
DC to DC Bulk EGY 6V 12V 10A Lithium ACS712 30A Range LCD Display 16X2
Converter/ Battery Solar Controller Hall Current Sensor
Voltage Regulator Charger

+ Or + +

Total Price : RM 47.06 Total Price : RM 53.02

Total Weight: 145g Total Weight: 154g
 Package 1 Package 2 Package 3

Microcontroller Arduino Nano Arduino Uno R3 Arduino Nano

Charge Controller Sunix Sunix EGY

Battery Indicator None None 12V Lithium Battery

Indicator

Accelerometer ADXL337 Accelerometer ADXL337 Accelerometer GY-9255 MPU-9255 Axis

Gyroscope Accelerometer

Nett Cost RM 553.00 EM 549.80 RM 592.9

Nett Weight 1850g 1879g 1871g

6299: Development of Self Power Umbrella
Gantt Chart for Final Year Project 2017
Chong Kah Leong, Joshua 1131122826 1st Long Semester 2nd Long Semester
No. Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Propose projects by staff/students B
2 Approve project list by FYP committee R
3 Select projects by students E
4 Project Planning A
5 Literature Review K
6 Research on Umbrella and other components -
7 Research on Safety Feature Applicable B
8 Research on Solar Panel R
9 Research on Sensors E
10 Software circuit board design A
11 Writing Report K
12 Purchase and program Component -
13 Hardware Assembly B
14 Hardware Modification/Enhancement R
15 Project Presentation E
16 Submit final copy (hard-cover) A
K

No. Milestones
1) Project title selected B
2) Proposal defence completed R
3) Experimental study completed E
4) Report submitted A
5) Oral presentation of report completed K
6) Report marked
 Solar Box Improved the human lifestyle , sense of
Umbrella security, environment

Smart Improved safety and comfort during dark

Lighting and stormy weather
System
5.0 Conclusion Automated Fast Operation
Efficient energy harvesting
/ Part 2 System Productive energy
expenditure

Infinite , clean an d easily harvested .

Solar Huge potential to replace fossil fuel in the
Energy next 50 years,

FYP Part II allow Fabrication,

Realisati Programming, Experiments, Examination
and Finalizing of the Prototype
on
 THE
END
Any Scorching Question ? Remember to bring an umbrella to shield it.
REFERENCE
[1] Mark A.Delucchi a,n, MarkZ.Jacobson “Energy Policy: Providing all global energy with wind,
water, and solar power, Part II: Reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies “Institute
of Transportation Studies, University of California at Davis, 31 December 2010

[2] D Vatansever, R L Hadimani, T Shah and E Siores “An investigation of energy harvesting
from renewable sources with PVDF and PZT”, Institute for Materials Research and Innovation,
University of Bolton, 19 April 2011

[3] Zong-Hong Lin , Gang Cheng , Sangmin Lee , Ken C. Pradel , and Zhong Lin Wang, “Harvesting
Water Drop Energy by a Sequential Contact-Electrification and Electrostatic-Induction Process
”, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,2014