Anita Esa Ranika

Iqbal Abdurrahman
Vera Marsella
Produced @2010

LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION

Liquid-liquid extraction is a method to separate

compounds based on their relative solubilities
in two different immiscible liquids, usually water
and an organic solvent.
THE CONCEPT OF LIQUID-LIQUID
EXTRACTION?
 Liquid-liquid extraction is based on the transfer of a
solute substance from one liquid phase into another
liquid phase according to the solubility. Extraction
becomes a very useful tool if you choose a suitable
extraction solvent.
You can use extraction to
separate a substance selectively from a mixture, or to
remove unwanted impurities from a solution. In the
practical use, usually one phase is a water or water-
based (aqueous) solution and the other an organic
solvent which is immiscible with water.
CONSIDERATION OF THE USE OF THE
EXTRACTION PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF
SEPARATION, AMONG OTHERS:

(1) The components of the solution is sensitive to warming

even if it is used in vacuum distillation
(2) The boiling point components in a mixture of adjacent
(3) Ease evaporate (volatility) is almost the same
components.
 CONSIDERATIONS IN THE SELECTION OF
SOLVENTS USED ARE:
1. Selectivity (separation factor = β)

mass fraction of solute in extract / diluent mass

ß=
fraction in the extract
mass fraction of solute in rafinate / mass fraction
of diluent in rafinate
For the extraction process can take place, the price
of β must be greater than one. If the value of β = 1
means the two components are inseparable.
  (2) distribution coefficient

K=
concentration of solute in extract phase y
solute concentration in phase rafinat x

Should be selected large distribution

coefficient, so that the number of solvent
it takes a little more.
 (3) Recoverability (ability to be purified)
Separation of solutes from the solvent is
usually done by distillation, so that
expected price "relative volatility" of the
mixture is quite high.
(4) Density
Phase density difference solvent and diluent
phase should be large enough to be easily
separated.
This density difference is changed during the
extraction process and affect the rate of
mass transfer.
 (5) Voltage interface (interfasia tension)
Large interfacial tension causes the merging
(coalescence) are easier
but complicates the process of dispersing. Ease of
integration is more emphasis
so that the selected solvent which has a large
interfacial tension.
(6) Chemical reactivity
Solvents are compounds that are stable and inert
towards the components in
systems and materials (construction materials).
(7) The viscosity, vapor pressure and low freezing
point is recommended to facilitate
handling and storage.
(8) solvents are not toxic and not flammable.
DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT

In this experiment determining the distribution

coefficient for the system of tri chloro ethylene-acid
acetate-water, and showed its dependence on
concentration. In the third mixture
This substance is considered that the phase is in
equilibrium. At low concentrations, the coefficient
distribution depends on the concentration, so that Y
= KX
Y = concentration of solutes in the extract phase
X = concentration of solutes in the phase rafinat
K = distribution coefficient
MASS BALANCE AND MASS TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT
In this experiment demonstrates how the behavior of the mass
balance on
extraction column and measure the mass transfer coefficient
and its variation with flow rate
with water as a medium continuous phase. Symbol and
formulas used in
calculation is shown as follows. For the system water-ethylene
tri-chloro acetic acid,
Vw = water flow rate (L / s)
Vo = TCE flow rate (L / s)
X = concentration of acetic acid in organic phase (kg / L)
Y = concentration of acetic acid in aqueous phase (kg / L)
Index 1: on top of the column
Index 2: at the base of the column
 1. Mass Balance
Acetic acid is extracted from organic phase
(rafinat) = Vo (X1-X2)
Acetic acid is extracted from the aqueous
phase (extract) = Vw (Y1-0)
Then: Vo (X1-X2) = Vw (Y1-0)
 2. Extraction Efficiency
Koef mass transfer = mass transfer rate /
(volume packing thrust X average)
Log average thrust = (ΔX1 - ΔX2) / ln (ΔX1/ΔX2)
ΔX1: thrust on top of the column = X2 - 0
ΔX2: Thrust at the base of the column = X1 - X1
*
X1 *: concentration of acid in the organic phase
with a concentration berkesetimbangan
Y1 in the water phase. This equilibrium price is
obtained from the curve coefficient
distribution (in experiment 1)
 Separatory Funnel Extraction Procedure

Separatory funnels are designed to facilitate the mixing of immiscible liquids

 Separatory Funnel Extraction Procedure

1. Support the 2. Pour in liquid to 3. Add extraction 4. Add ground glass

separatory funnel in a be extracted solvent Stopper (well greased)
ring on a ringstand.
Make sure stopcock is
closed
 Separatory Funnel Extraction Procedure

Shake the separatory funnel.

Then, point the stem up and slowly open the

stopcock to release excess pressure. Close the
stopcock. Repeat this procedure until only a small
amount of pressure is released when it is vented
Pick up the separatory
funnel with the stopper in
palce and the stopcock
closed, and rock it once
gently.
 Separatory Funnel Extraction Procedure

Shake the separatory funnel vigorously.

Now, shake the funnel vigorously for a few seconds. Release
the pressure, then again shake vigorously. About 30 sec
total vigorous shaking is usually sufficient to allow solutes to
come to equilibrium between the two solvents.

Vent frequently to prevent pressure buildup,

which can cause the stopcock and perhaps
hazardous chemicals from blowing out. Take
special care when washing acidic solutions with
bicarbonate or carbonate since this produces a
large volume of CO2 gas
 Separatory Funnel Extraction Procedure

Separate the layers.

Let the funnel rest
undisturbed until the layers
are clearly separated
While waiting, remove the Carefully open the stopcock and
stopper and place a beaker allow the lower layer to drain
or flask under the sep into the flask. Drain just to the
funnel. point that the upper liquid
barely reaches the stopcock
Liquid-liquid extraction Unit
UOP5

 The Armfield UOP5 unit demonstrates this

process in the laboratory so that students may
gain a thorough understanding of this
industrial technique.
THE PART OF UOP5
UOP5: Schematic diagram
1: Liquid/liquid extraction
column (glass)
2: Condenser
3: Distillation column
4: Distillation column boiler
5: Receiver vessel (stainless
steel)
6: Condensate tank, solvent
(stainless steel)
7: Solvent supply tank (stainless
steel)
8: Column supply tank, water
9: Column collection tank,
water
10: Water supply pump
11: Solvent metering pump
SPECIFICATION UOP5
SERVICES REQUIRED
Electrical supply:
UOP5-A: 220-240V/1ph/50Hz
UOP5-B: 120V/1ph/60Hz
UOP5-G: 220V/1ph/60Hz
Cold water supply: mains pressure
Vapour extraction system
OVERALL DIMENSIONS
Height: 2.5m
Length: 1.30m
Depth: 0.75m
SPECIFICATION
Volume: 3.3m3
Gross weight: 380kg
HOW UOP5 WORKS
SAFETY
1 INJURY THROUGH MISUSE
2 INJURY FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK
3 INJURY FROM INCORRECT HANDLING
4 POISONING FROM TOXIC MATERIALS
5 INJURY FROM CORROSIVE LIQUIDS
6 RISK OF INFECTION THROUGH LACK OF
CLEANLINESS
7 DAMAGE TO CLOTHING
8 adequate air ventilation
9 Use of nasal mask to prevent inhalation of TCE
vapor
10 High water in the tub is always above the
water pipes go into rorameter
11 organic tank can not be empty (if blank will
cause the pump organic substances
rapid wear and ultimately destroyed)
12 Clean the packing in the column after the
experiment