I: Intro to Kinematics: Motion in

One Dimension

AP Physics C
Mrs. Coyle
 Particle Model
 Position Vector
 Displacement, distance
 Average Velocity, Average Speed
 Instantaneous Velocity, Instantaneous Speed
 Intro to the Derivative.
 Graphical Analysis (position vs time)
 Uniform Linear Motion
Video Clip of Oil Spill in Gulf

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2EXDmn
NPw0
Motion

 Motion is relative
 Origin (where x=0, y=0, z=0)
 Position is compared to an origin
 Coordinate system or a reference frame
Motion Diagram

t=0.75 sec t=0.50 sec t=0.25 sec t=0 sec

Particle Model

t=0 t=0.25s t=0.50s t=0.75s

. . . .
.
Vectors and Scalars

 Scalars  Magnitude (size)

 Vectors  Magnitude and Direction

Position Vectors

x=10m x=20m
Position (m)
Position Vectors

y=+4 m

x= -5m x= 5m x= 10 m
Position (m)
Displacement (Dx): change in position.

Dx =xf - xi

Dx
o
x1=15m x2=20m

Position, x (m)
Distance and Displacement

 Distance: (Scalar)

 Displacement Dx =xf - xi (Vector)

Average Speed and Average Velocity

 Average Speed= Total Distance Travelled

Time
(Scalar)

 Average Velocity= Displacement = Dx

Time Dt
(Vector)
Prob. #2.4

 A particle moves according to the equation

x=10t2 (x in meters, t in seconds).
 Find the average velocity for the time
interval from 2s to 3s.

 Ans: 50m/s
Instantaneous Speed
Instantaneous Velocity

 Instantaneous Speed
 Speed at a given instant. (Time is very very small)

 Instantaneous Velocity
 Velocity at a given instant. (Time is very very small)

 Instantaneous speed is the magnitude of

instantaneous velocity.
Instantaneous Velocity:
the limit of Dx as Dt approaches 0.
Dt
v= lim Dx
Dt 0 Dt

v= dx
dt
Instantaneous Velocity (or simply)
Velocity is the derivative of x with
respect to t.

v= dx
dt
Instantaneous Speed

 Instantaneous speed is the

magnitude of instantaneous
velocity.
Graphical Analysis of Motion

 Position vs Time
 Velocity vs Time
 Acceleration vs Time
Example 1: Graph of Position vs Time

Position
(m)
o
Time (s)
•Slope of Line= Average Velocity
•In this case does the slope also
equal the instantaneous velocity?
Uniform Linear Motion

 Motion with constant velocity

 Straight line

 Same direction
Example 2: Graph of Position vs Time

Position
(m)

Time (s)

Instantaneous Velocity at a given time=

Slope of Tangent at that time
Example 2: Graph of Position vs Time

Position
(m) 40.0

20.0

o
1.0 2.0 Time (s)

Find the instantaneous velocity at 2sec

and the average velocity from 0 to 2sec.
 Example 3: Position vs Time Graph
Position, (m)

20.0

10.0 A

o
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
-10.0
Time, (s)
 At what time(s) was the object at the origin(position)?
 What is the average velocity for the intervals 0s-1s,
1s-1.5s and 0s-2s?