SEMEY STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

SIW 2017
phylosophy presentation

TOPIC: what is philosophy?

SUBMITTED BY: ALEENA SAJI

GROUP: 244
SUBMITTED TO: MADAM GULNUR
 INTRODUCTION
• Traditionally, the term "philosophy" referred to any body of knowledge. In this sense, philosophy
is closely related to religion, mathematics, natural science, education and politics. Newton's 1687
"Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is classified in the 2000s as a book of physics;
he used the term "natural philosophy" because it used to encompass disciplines that later became
associated with sciences such as astronomy, medicine and physics.

• In Classical antiquity, Philosophy was traditionally divided into three major branches:

 Natural philosophy ("physics") was the study of the physical world (physis, lit: nature);

 Moral philosophy ("ethics") was the study of goodness, right and wrong, beauty, justice and
virtue (ethos, lit: custom);

 Metaphysical philosophy ("logos") was the study of existence, causation, God, logic, forms and
other abstract objects ("meta-physika" lit: "what comes after physics").
 WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? WHERE IT
BEGINS?
The term “philosophy” comes from the
Greek language.
It consists of two words :

“philo” - love
“sophia” - wisdom
THUS:
1. Philosophy is the love of wisdom
2. Philosophy attempts to answer life's Big Questions
3. Philosophy is about Questions
4. Philosophers ask Questions about what people Believe
5. Philosophy is about Examining Ourselves & Our Beliefs
 MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy is the study of general and
fundamental problems, such as those
connected with existence, knowledge, values,
reason, mind, and language.

Philosophy is the rational attempt to formulate,

understand, and answer fundamental
questions.
 IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY
1. The study of Philosophy enables us to think carefully and clearly about important
issues.
2. In studying Philosophy, we learn to take a step back from our everyday thinking
and to explore the deeper, bigger question which underpins our thought.
3. The focus in the study of Philosophy is to learn not what to believe, but how to
think.
4. Studying philosophy sharpens your analytical abilities, enabling you to identify
and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in any position.
5. It hones your ability to construct and articulate cogent arguments of your own.
6. It prompts you to work across disciplinary boundaries and to think flexibly and
creatively about problems which do not present immediate solutions.
7. Because philosophy is an activity as much a body of knowledge, it also develops
your ability to think and work independently.
THERE ARE MANY QUESTIONS but
there are SOME BIG QUESTION

WHAT?

WHY?

HOW?
What are the REASONS for a
particular belief?

Do you believe in GOD? WHY

• QUESTIONS OF BELIEF

Do you believe that MURDER

is WRONG? WHY?

Do you believe that

EUTHANASIA IS EVIL? WHY
• QUESTIONS OF VALUES?
 Ethics
Religion

Politics Epistemology

Aesthetics
Logic

Metaphysics
Science

Branches of Philosophy
Ethics
Ethics, also called moral
philosophy,the discipline concerned
with what is morally good and bad,
right and wrong. The term is also
applied to any system or theory
of moral values or principles.

Questions:
How should we live?
What is good and evil?
What is the best way to live?
What is Justice?
Is right and wrong the same
everywhere or different
everywhere?
 Epistemology
Knowledge Science
Explores the nature and
limitations of knowledge
Definition of knowledge
Investigates how knowledge is
obtained
Explores the relationship between
belief, truth and knowledge
Epistemology (from Greek
ἐπιστήμη - episteme-, Questions:
"knowledge, science" + λόγος, What is knowledge?
"logos") or theory of How is knowledge acquired?
knowledge is the branch of
philosophy concerned with the How do we know what we
nature and scope (limitations) know?
of knowledge
Metaphysics
Knowledge Science
Explores the fundamental
nature of reality and being
Ontology
Existence
Objects
Properties
Space and Time
Cause and Effect

Questions:
What is real?
What is reality?
What is reality like?
Politics
Political Philosophy
Explores the relationship
between citizens and
governments
Liberty
Legal Justice
Property Ownership
Citizen's Rights
System of Law
Aesthetics
Sensori-Emotional Values
Explores the nature of
beauty, art, and taste with
the creation and
appreciation of beauty
Questions
What is beauty?
What is art?
What is the value of beauty and
art?
Who should judge what is
beautiful or artistic?
How should art and beauty be
judged?
 Logic
Rules for Thinking
The systematic principles
(or rules) for thinking
rationally.
Inferences are made by
construction of Arguments
Rules of Logic determine which
arguments are VALID and which
are FALACIES

A philosophical study on the correct processes of thinking.

The systematic study of argument
The rule of inference
Distinguishing valid from invalid argument
Examination fallacies
Using correct argument patterns
Religion
Philosophy of Religion
Branch of philosophy concerned with
questions regarding religion
Nature & Existence of God
Theology
Examination of Religious Experience
Analysis of Religious language and texts
Relationship between Religion and
Science

Questions
Does God exist?
What is God?
What is the nature of the relationship
between God and humans?
Is God active in the world? How?
Is there life after death?
What is the relationship between
Religion and Ethics? ...Religion and
Science?
Religion
Pantheism
What is God?
God is the Universe and the
Universe is God.
There is no distinction between God
and the universe (nature).
Some forms of Buddhism are
examples of pantheism.
Panentheism
What is God?
God is in the Universe and the
Universe is in God
God is more than the Universe.
God and the Universe are
connected but not identical.
Philosophy of Science
Science
Concerned with the
assumptions, foundations,
methods and implications of
science.
Empirical Verification
Inductive Logic
Objectivity of the Observer
Questions
What is the natural world?
How should we study nature?
What methods are useful in the study of
nature?
Can science establish Natural Laws which
are absolute (true everywhere and for
everyone)?
What are the limits of scientific knowledge?
 CONCLUSION
• Philosophy is the systematic study of ideas and
issues, a reasoned pursuit of fundamental truths,
a quest for a comprehensive understanding of
the world, a study of principles of conduct, and
much more. Every domain of human experience
raises questions to which its techniques and
theories apply, and its methods may be used in
the study of any subject or the pursuit of any
vocation.
 REFERENCES
• Textbook of physiology
• www.Wikipedia.com
• www.slideshare.com
• www.britannica.com