Rocket water parachute

PHYSIC PROJECT : C1P8

 SAIFUDDIN SYAHMI BIN SAHARUDIN
 MUHAMMAD THAQIF BIN MOHD ZAILAN
 KRISHNAPREEYA A/P KARVANNAN
 AIMIEN SYUHADA BINTI ZULKIFLI
INTRODUCTION

 To study about the inventon of the water bottle rockets.

 To investigate the physics principles that related to water
bottle rockets.
DESIGN INNOVATION

 The engine of the rocket is usually a used of plastic

bottle. The water is forced out by a pressurized gas or
compressed air.
 It is an example of Newton's third law of motion.
 COST

Total : RM 12.90
MAXIMUM LANDING TIME AT A SPECIFIC
HEIGHT

DATE TIME HEIGHT LANDING TIIME

9 AUGUST 2017 10.00 AM 20 METER 20 SECOND

12 AUGUST 2017 6.00 PM 16 METER 28 SECOND

13 AUGUST 2017 6.00 PM 18 METER 23 SECOND

OBJECTIVE
 AIM
1. To gain knowledge about the rocket parachute.
2. To know how the operation of rocket parachute.
3. To investigate the best design of rocket parachute to get
the highest height and longest time taken to land.

 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
 To design and testing of a rocket parachute. Design is
important for a rocket for low cost and flight data analysis. The
best design is chosen for the rocket based on the highest
height and longest time taken to land.
 Scientific theory

 Free fall is a downward movement under the force of gravity only.

when the rocket fall to the ground without a parachute, the relatively compact body zooms through
the air like a stone; when the parachute is opened, it will create more air resistance, drifting to the
ground more slowly and safely- much more like a feather. The parachute works by increasing the air
resistance as the rocket falls.
Projectile Motion is a form of motion in which an object or particle is thrown near the
Earth surface, and it move along a curve path under the action of gravity only.

 when we launch the rocket it is moving upward and forward. All other things equal
(the mass and design of the rocket, the pressure at which it is released, the angle at
which we launch the rocket will determine the range (the horizontal distance it
travels).If we launch the rocket straight up, it goes high but comes back to earth
quite near the launching pad. If we launch it almost horizontally, gravity brings it
down to the ground before it can travel very far.
 Conservation of momentum is a fundamental law of physics which states that the momentum of a
system is constant if there are no external forces.

The essential idea behind the bottle rocket is that an empty plastic soft drink bottle is fixed with fins to
make a rocket. it is half filled with water and using a special launcher, it is pumped with air to provide
the energy to expel the water through the inverted top of the bottle. The resulting application of
energy and momentum makes a spectacular display as the rocket rises into the air. Many variables can
be tested such as the amount of water, the amount of energy stored by pumping, the shape of the
rocket and how all of this influences the height the rocket rises.
 The Bernoulli Principle is the concept that an increase in a liquid\s speed
creates a pressure decrease and a decrease in a liquid’s speed creates a
pressure increase.

According to Bernoulli's Principle, the faster a fluid moves the lower the lateral
pressure it exerts. By causing air to move faster over certain surfaces of a
rocket, either fins or wings, air pressure may be reduced on those surfaces
creating lift.
The fins enable the rocket to correct its flight when it is deflected. When air
moves over the “top” of the deflected fin, the air travels faster than the air
under the fin. This creates lift.The lift force, generated by relative wind, causes
a stable rocket to correct itself by rotating around the center of gravity until it is
flying straight again.
 Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state
of motion. This includes changes to the object's speed, direction, or
state of rest.

Inertia state that once the rocket is in motion, it will continue in motion in
a straight line. It takes an unbalanced force to stop it or change its
direction or speed. This is called kinetic inertia. The forces of drag and
gravity cause it to fall to earth.
 Air Drag.
 As a rocket moves through the air, friction between the rocket surface and the air (air drag) will
slow it down. At the the high velocities these rockets achieve, air drag becomes a very
significant force. To reduce air drag, the rocket should be designed so that air passing over the
surfaces of the rocket flows in smooth lines (streamlining) thus reducing drag to a minimum.
 Newton’s Third Law is the principle stating that for every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction.

When the force applied is greater than the force with which the object can resist
without motion, part of the force being applied will produce motion. When we
apply more force to the rocket than the air force, the rocket will move down to
the earth. Since every action always produces an equal reaction, an equal
amount of force is present in both the action and reaction.
 Pressure is the force perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area.

By using an air pump to pressurize the air inside the rocket, we can increase the launch pressure
ofthe water in the rocket which will then increase the thrust available to the rocket for lift off. The
rocket launchers we will use for this project will be regulated to a maximum launch pressure of
between 100 psi to 120 psi. Typically, you will want to use a pressure close to 100 psi. However, you
need to remember that at high presures there may be a tradeoff in rocket stability related to center
of mass and center of pressure might need to be adjusted.
 Gravity is the force that causes everything that goes up to fall back down to Earth.

After the rocket is launched and it reaches the maximum height, the rocket moves in response
to the force of gravity. The rocket reaches the ground back.
 Upthrust force is the force that pushes an object up and makes it seem to lose weight in
a fluid.

The rocket is launched by the pressure exerted. This is the powered phase of the flight that
lasts until the pressure has consumed all its propelant. During this phase, model rockets
accelerate positively.
MATERIALS
Water rocket parachute
FILL RATIO OF WATER IN ROCKET

 When water is added to the rockets, the effect of mass is demnstrated.

Before air can leave the water rocket, the water has to be first be expelled?
Because water has a much greater mass than air, it contributes to much
greater thrust (Newton's 2nd Law). A rocket filled with water will fly much
farther than a rocket filled oy with air. By varying the amount of water and
air in the rocket and graphing how high the rockets travel, you can see that
the thrust of the rocket is dependent on the mass being expelled and the
speed of expulsion. The best wat to determine the fill ratio is to launch 3-4
test flights using differing amounts of fluid and graph the height of rocket
flight for each.
 INNOVATION
• Choose the right fins will give a big impact to our time taken and stability of the plane in the air. Applying
Bernoulli principle make our flight become better than the others .

• The others thing is the pressure in the bottle when launching the plane will
make the uptrust force become stronger and our plane can fly higher

• Rocket aerodynamics is the study of low air flows over a rocket and how this effects drag and stability
• The nose cone and the fins of the rocket are designed to minimize air resistance and to provide stability and
control direction without wobbling..

The bigger the pressure,

The higher the plane can fly
 FINS CONTROL DIRECTION AND
STABILITY
• The stability of a rocket is its ability to keep flying through the air in the right direction without
wobbling or tumbling.
• Pins are used on smaller rockets to provide this stability and control direction to understand
how to place fins and how large to make them, it is important to understand about centre of
mass and centre of pressure.

CENTRE OF MASS
• The centre of mass of an object is the point at which all of the mass of an object can be
thought to be concentrated.
• The centre of mass can be moved closer to the nose cone end of a rocket by adding some mass
near the nose cone. This will increase the stability.

CENTRE OF PRESSURE
• The single point at which all of the aerodynamic forces are concentrated is called the centre of
pressure.
NOSE CONE AND ROCKET DIAMETER AFFECT DRAG
 The amount of air resistance that opposes a rocket’s motion depends mainly
on the shape of the nose cone, the diameter of the rocket and the speed of
the rocket.
 Rockets with a larger diameter have more drag because there is more air
being pushed out of the way. Drag depends on the cross-sectional area of the
object pushing through the air. Making a rocket as narrow as possible is the
best way to reduce drag.
THE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC OF OUR
ROCKET
 our rocket is made up from revive bottle which have
aerodinamic shape.
 has four wings where each wings are perpendicular to
each other.
 the parachute connectors (strings) were not connected to
a point but they were attached around the surface area of
the rocket so that the parachute can fly with a bigger
surface area and cause our parachute fly for a longer
time.
MANUFACTURE
 Cut the top and the bottom off of one bottle, so that the center portion or a cylinder
remains.

 Tape the cylinder to another bottle to create a fuselage (a place to store the
parachute)
 Get the strawboard; fins will be made from it. Cut three shapes out of the folded bottom in
the shape that the diagram shows. Your fins will be traingular.
 MAKING PARACHUTE

 Lay your garbage bag out flat. Cut off the closed end. It should look like a
large rectangle and be open at both ends. Lay down the bag on a flat surface
and smooth it out.

 the bag has a long side and a short side and is open at both
ends. Fold it in two so that the short side is half as long as
it was originally
 Make sure the edges are perfectly lined up during each fold. Now fold it in half along the
long axis

 Make a triangle with the base of the triangle being the closed end of the previous fold
 Cut the plastic to make the circle shape for the parachute. Finally,parachute was
completed.

 Punch holes through every piece of masking tape or Avery tab pairs and use these to attach
the kite-string shroud lines.
EFFECTIVENESS
LOW COST :

1. We used low cost items like cellophane tape and plasticine

2. We used recycling materials such as plastic bottle and plastic bag
 RESULT TESTING BOTTLE ROCKET

DATE TIME HEIGHT LANDING

TIIME
9 AUGUST 2017 10.00 AM 20 METER 20 SECOND

12 AUGUST 2017 6.00 PM 16 METER 28 SECOND

13 AUGUST 2017 6.00 PM 18 METER 23 SECOND

This is our water parachute
Rocket
Discussion
 If the pressure I the bottle is 10-12 atmospheric, the bottle will explode. So,
we must pay attention to this. It is because the bottle cannot withstand the
higher pressure.
 The bottle should not has too much of curves. It will make more resistance.
The straighter the bottle, the higher it will launch.
 If the bottle is heavy, the chance for the bottle rocket to launch higher is low
due to the high centre of gravity.
 The direction of the cap (head of the bottle with plasticine) must be straight,
so it can launch in the right position.
 Conclusion
 In this project, our goal was to build a water bottle rocket that will go the
highest and have the longest amount of time in the air as possible.
 The maximum flight height of the rockets depends on the volume of water
used to launch
 Concluding my experiment it appears my hypothesis was correct ass to the
two engridient.
 More straight the bottle, the less air resistance of the bottle`
 The bigger the size of the parachute, the more the time taken for the
parachute to reach the ground surface.