Vertical surface wear Scarifying

elements

Equipment

1
 Single mechanical seal
Rotary Elements Stationary Element
1- Carbon ring
2- Snap Ring Tungsten Carbide ring
3- O Rings Or
Silicon Carbide ring
4- Springs
5- Sleeve

Equipment

2
SINGLE IMPELLER PUMP

MECHANICAL SEAL

HANGED BEAM
3 IMPELLER
 MULTI STAGE PUMP

MECHANICAL SEALS

DRIVE END NON-DRIVE END

IN-BETWEEN TWO
4 BEARINGS IMPELLER
 Mechanical seal and bearings arrangement

oil

Equipment

5
6
Mechanical
seal

Mechanical
seal
Thrust
7
Bearing
8
Bellow Mechanical Seal

BELLOW

9
 Double Mechanical seal Bellow type

BELLOW BELLOW

10
 Bellows Bellows
Uniform uniform stress distribution

45 tilt for enhanced

fatigue strength

Three sweep radius

11
Bellows Benefits
For high temperature applications
>260C/500F

For higher pressure

Generally have light spring loads

Less heat
Low power consumption
Longer seal life
12Pressure balanced by design
 Split Seals

13
Cartridge
Split
Seal

14
 Plant Operations
Rotating equipment maintenance
costs can be about 20 % of the
total maintenance budget.

Rotating equipment is taken out of

service 70% of the time due to a
leaking Mechanical seal.

15
Split Seals
Benefits Over Mechanical Seals :
No Dismantling of Equipment
Fast maintenance / high equipment
availability
Reduced man hours / improve productivity

Reduced complexity
16
Split Seals merits

Production

Manpower

Maintenance Budget

Time
17
Rival Sealing Technology

Mechanical seals
Are the dominant technology in many
industries.

Split Seals
-All the advantages of mechanical seals.
-Plus, they are easier and quicker to install
18
 Cost Benefit Analysis

19
Split Seals
Target Applications
Shaft size greater than 3 / 76 mm
Vertical pumps
Side entry agitators

Limitations of Split Seals

Not recommended for applications where
emissions will be a dangerous to the
20
environment or humans
Balanced mechanical seal

Carbon ring Stationary

Product +Springs Contact face pressure

Product +Springs Contact face pressure

21 PRESSURE P > STRESS S

Unbalanced mechanical seal

Carbon ring Stationary

Product + Springs Contact face pressure

Product + Springs Contact face pressure

22
PRESSURE P < STRESS S
 FACE AND SEAT AREA EQUAL 100% BALANCE

Carbon ring Stationary ring

A = Contacted P A
S
A
Surface area

S = Contacted
Surface stress

P = Product +
Spring pressure

F = Acting force
F=P*A F=S*A

S P*A = S *A
= 100 %
23P P = S
HYDRAULIC BALANCE OF SEALS 50 % BALANCE

P P

P
A1 0.5 A S
A
A = Contacted
Surface area

A1 = Projected area
of P

S = Contacted
Surface stress

P = Product +
Spring pressure

F = Acting force
F = P * A1 F=S*A
P * A1 = S*A
S
24 P
= 50 % S
=
A1
P A
HYDRAULIC BALANCE OF SEALS 75 % BALANCE

P S
A1 0.75 A A
A = Contacted
Surface area

A1 = Projected area
of P

S = Contacted
Surface stress

P = Product +
Spring pressure

F = Acting force
F = P * A1 F=S*A
P * A1 = S * A
S 75 %
=
P 25 S
=
A1
P A
 OPTIMUM HYDRAULIC BALANCE

Balance percentage is a compromise :

Below 65 % ------------- LEAK

Above 85 % ------------- WEAR

26
Optimum Balance 75% for medium pressure seals.
Mechanical seal has the following data:
A = contacted surface area = 230 cm2
A1 = ( projected area of P) = 120 cm2
Calculate the hydraulic balance Percentage
SOLUTION

S (contacted surface stress) A1 ( projected area of P) 120 cm2

= =
P (product + spring pressure) A ( contacted surface area) 230 cm2

= 0.52 *100 = 52 %

Hydraulic balance % is less than 65 %

27 This Mechanical is prone to leak
Mechanical seal has the following data:
A = contacted surface area = 200 cm2
A1 = ( projected area of P) = 180 cm2
Calculate the hydraulic balance Percentage
SOLUTION

S (contacted surface stress) A1 ( projected area of P) 180 cm2

= =
P (product + spring pressure) A ( contacted surface area) 200 cm2

= 0.9 *100 = 90 %

Hydraulic balance % is more than 85 %

28
This Mechanical is prone to wear
Mechanical seal has the following data:
A = contacted surface area = 30 cm2
A1 = ( projected area of P) = 24 cm2
Calculate the hydraulic balance Percentage
SOLUTION

S (contacted surface stress) A1 ( projected area of P) 24 cm2

= =
P (product + spring pressure) A ( contacted surface area) 30 cm2

= 0.80 *100 = 80 %

This Mechanical is hydraulic balanced

as it is in between 65 % and 85 %
29
Hydraulic Balance - Benefits
Reduced heat generation
ideal for unstable and low SG fluids
less heat to be dissipated - less cooling required
Reduced wear rate
longer life
Reduced power required to drive the seal
lower running costs
Increased pressure range for the seal

30
this simple modification allows much higher
pressures to be sealed.
Quenching
PREVENT PRODUCT TO BUILD UP
PRESSURE ON ATMS. SIDE

1. Block Valve
2. Pressure Gauge PI L.P. STEAM OR WATER
3. Check Valve
3
Plant Steam
IN " 0.1 - 0. 2 bar

OUT "
To Drain ATM

31
 Flushing Quenching

ATMOSPHERE

32
Flushing
P1

Flushing liquid :
Flushing Liquid
T1
*Filtered Product
*Solvent
*Water
*Compatible liquid

BUT NOT
Gas
Pump product Flushing Liquid Pressure
Steam = Stuffing Box Pressure + 1 bar min
33
 Flush fluid Quench fluid

34
 Flush fluid Quench fluid

35
 Quench
low pressure (0.5 bar g)
low flow (0.5 litres/minute)
external to main seal
no contamination
no dilution
Flush
high pressure ( > 1.0 bar above seal pressure)
injected into seal chamber
cools pumped product
dilutes pumped product.
36
Circulation

CYCLONE

37
 Heat control / removal

API Plan 21

38
Thermosyphon Cooling

System must be above,

and within 3 metres of
pump.
Fluid circulates by
thermosyphon.
May need small pump
or pumping scroll to
assist flow.

39
Circulating Barrier
liquid fluid

Quench
fluid

40
Multiple Seals
Two common arrangements
- Tandem
- low pressure barrier fluid

- Inboard seal lubricated by product

- Double ( Back-to-Back )
- Pressurised barrier fluid

- Inboard seal lubricated by barrier fluid

Other arrangements
41
- Concentric; Face-to-Face; etc.
Tandem Seal Outboard Seal
Clean barrier
fluid lubricates
this seal

Barrier fluid is
at low
(atmospheric)
pressure.

Inboard Seal
Use API Plan 52
Product fluid
lubricates this
42 seal
Double seals: Back-to-back
Pressurised
barrier fluid
is circulated

barrier fluid
lubricates
both sets of
seal faces.
Use API Plan 53

43
 Double seals: Face-to-face

Rotating
Mating Stationary
Ring seals

44
Tandem Seal
Product Barrier fluid
Circulation Circulation

Equipment

45
 Tandem Seal
PBF = 1 bar max

Barrier fluid
Product Barrier fluid
Circulation Circulation
Circulation
Pp
Equipment

46
Double Seal
Product Barrier fluid Flushing
Circulation Circulation Liquid

Equipment

47
 PBF Barrier fluid
Double Seal Circulation

(Min) PBF = 1.1 Pp

But not less than 2 bar

Product Barrier fluid Flushing

Circulation Circulation Liquid
Pp
Equipment

48
Barrier fluid Type

Temperature Range Barrier fluid

0
- 120 to - 90 C Propanol
0
- 90 to - 30 C Methanol
0
-30 to + 20 C Kerosene or Hydraulic oil
0
+ 20 to + 200 C L.G.O. or H.G.O.

49
Ancillaries
Coolers for circulating liquids

Flow controllers for circulating liquids ( adjustable orifices )

Cyclones for circulating liquids

Strainers for circulating liquids

Magnetic filters for circulating liquids

50
 MULTI STAGE COMPRESSOR

DRIVE END NON-DRIVE END

IN-BETWEEN TWO
51 BEARINGS IMPELLER