A Final Thesis Presentation

on

An Improved Hybrid Digital Image Watermarking For Color

Image

Under Supervision of
Dr . Sanjeeb Prasad Panday

Submitted By:
Subin Bajracharya(MECE 13929)

February, 2015 1
Introduction
Digital watermarking is the act of hiding a message related to a digital signal (i.e. an
image, song, and video) within the signal itself

Used to achieve Copyright protection and Authenticity of Digital data

Application: Broadcast Monitoring, Owner Identification, Proof Ownership,

Transaction Tracking, Content Authentication, Copy Control and Device Control

Fig : Process of Digital Watermarking

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Introduction
Digital watermarking fall in two Categories: Spatial Domain and Frequency Domain

According To Distinction : Blind, Semi-Blind and Non-Blind

Properties of Digital Watermarking : Robustness , Imperceptibility , Readability ,

Unambiguous , Security , Payload Size

Attacks in Digital Watermarking : Removal ,Geometric , Cryptographic , Protocol

Performance Measure : PSNR ,NC,MSE

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Problem Statement
Until Now Various Algorithm has been proposed for Digital Image Watermarking

Problem Statement : Explore the way through which the robustness and
imperceptibility of digital watermarked image can be increased further more.

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Objectives
The Objective of this proposed work is to

To modify the existing algorithm for implementation of Digital Watermarking in

Frequency Domain so that the robustness and imperceptibility of Watermarked Image can
be increased further more.

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Literature Review
M. A. Rahman and M. M. F. Rabbi, proposed a Non-Blind DWT-SVD based Watermarking
Technique for RGB Image. The PSNR value after attacks is at around 54dB to 8dB with
different attacks.

C. N. Sujatha and P. Satyanarayana, proposed a NonBlind DWT-DCT-SVD based Color

Image Digital Watermarking in RGB planes .The PSNR value without attack is at around 63
dB and at around 2dB to 21 dB with different attacks.

K. Chaitanya, S. Reddy and G. Rao, proposed a Color Image Digital Watermarking in RGB
planes using DWT-DCT-SVD Coefficients. The PSNR value without attacks is at around 35
dB
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Literature Review
S. R. Hallur, S. Kuri and G. H. Kulkarni, proposed a DWT-DCT-SVD based Color
Image Digital watermarking in RGB Planes. Without attack the PSNR value of each
RGB component is at around 57 dB

N. Divecha and D. N. N. Jani , proposed a Non-Blind DWT-DCT-SVD based Digital

Watermarking Technique of RGB Image. The PSNR value without attacks seems to be
around 50 dB

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Methodology
Watermarking Embedding Algorithm
Cover Image Watermark Extract R Channel

RGB to YCbCr Conversion Arnold Transformation

Frequency Domain Transformation (DWT) Frequency Domain Transformation(DWT)

SVD/Watermark Embedding (Alpha Blending: WMI=k*(LL1)+q*(WM1))

Inverse Frequency Domain Transformation(IDWT)

YCbCr to RGB Conversion

Watermarked Image
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Methodology
Watermarking Extraction Algorithm
Cover Image Watermarked Image Watermark

RGB to YCbCr Conversion Extract R,G and B Channel

Arnold Transformation

Frequency Domain Transformation (DWT)

SVD/Watermark Extraction (Alpha Blending : RW=(WMI-k*LL1)/q )

Inverse Frequency Domain Transformation (IDWT)
Anti-Arnold Transformation
Combine R,G and B
Extracted Watermark
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Experiments And Results
Algorithm implemented in C#.NET programming environment(Microsoft Visual Studio
2013)

3 different Standard Image Processing Image( Pepper, Lena, Baboon and Autumn) and 3
Practical image( Flower, Hanuman Dhoka and Lukla Airport) of size 512x512 is used
.The Nepal Telecom Logo of size 256x256 is being used as Watermark Image.

Performance Metrics such as PSNR,MSE and NC are used .

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Results and Discussion
Original Cover Image and Watermark

Watermark

Pepper Lena Baboon

Flower Hanuman Dhoka Lukla Airport

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Results and Discussion

To test the imperceptibility of the Algorithm, cover images were watermarked and
watermark was extracted with varying scaling factors q and k. Scaling factor q
was varied from 0.001 to 0.5 whereas k was varied from 0.001 to 0.99.

k, q are the scaling factors for the original image and watermark respectively

The best value of performance measures was recorded at q=0.3 and k=0.99

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Results and Discussion
PSNR(Cover Image vs. Watermarked Image) at various values of q and k=0.99

52

51

50

49
PSNR(dB)

48

47 Pepper

46

45

44

43
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

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Results and Discussion
PSNR(Watermark vs. Extracted Watermark) for various values of q and k=0.99
60

50

40
PSNR(dB)

30
Pepper

20

10

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

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Results and Discussion
NC(Watermark vs. Extracted Watermark) for various values of q and k=0.99
1.005

0.995

0.99

0.985

0.98
NC

0.975

0.97

0.965

0.96

0.955

0.95
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

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Results and Discussion
PSNR(Cover Image vs. Watermarked Image) for various values of k and q=0.3

52.00000

51.00000

50.00000
PSNR(dB)

49.00000

48.00000 Pepper

47.00000

46.00000

45.00000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

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Results and Discussion
PSNR(Watermark vs. Extracted Watermark) for various values of k and q=0.3
56.25000

56.20000

56.15000

56.10000

56.05000
PSNR(dB)

56.00000

55.95000

55.90000

55.85000

55.80000

55.75000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

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Results and Discussion
PSNR(Watermark vs. Extracted Watermark) for various values of k and q=0.3

0.9999976

0.9999975

0.9999975

0.9999974
NC

0.9999974

0.9999973

0.9999973

0.9999972
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

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Results and Discussion
Watermarked Image and Extracted Watermark(Without Attacks)

Pepper Extracted Lena Extracted Baboon Extracted

Watermark Watermark Watermark

Flower Extracted Hanuman Dhoka Extracted Lukla Airport Extracted

Watermark Watermark Watermark

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 Results and Discussion
Performance Measures of Cover Image vs. Watermarked Image for k=0.99 and q=0.3
Image MSE PSNR(dB) NC Execution Time(Sec)

Peppers 0.98828 48.18199 0.9999 3.4861

Lena 1.3015 47.9971 0.9999 3.6015
Baboon 1.0175 48.0551 0.9999 3.475
Flower 1.0287 48.0078 0.9999 3.6971
HanumanDhoka 0.9976 48.1408 0.9999 3.4423
Lukla Airport 1.0096 48.0891 0.9999 3.4486
Performance Measures of Watermark vs. Extracted Watermark for k=0.99 and q=0.3
Image MSE PSNR(dB) NC Execution Time(Sec)

Peppers 0.1557 56.2061 0.9999 6.4658

Lena 0.1567 56.17905 0.9999 5.8797
Baboon 0.1567 56.1794 0.9999 6.2501
Flower 0.1518 56.139 0.9999 6.081
HanumanDhoka 0.159 56.1156 0.9999 5.739
Lukla Airport 0.1552 56.2215 0.9999 5.7672

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Results and Discussion

To test the robustness of the algorithm, different geometric attacks were carried
out on watermarked image and watermark was extracted

JPEG Compression 10% , JPEG Compression 50% , Rotation 5, 45 and 90 Degree

,Normal Blur, Gaussian Blur , Motion Blur, Salt and Pepper, Gaussian Noise,
Contrast Stretching, Sharpening, Histogram Equalization, Gray Scale, Median
Filter, Mean Filter, Top Cropping, Bottom Cropping, Left Cropping, Right
Cropping, Center Cropping

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Results and Discussion
Pepper
60.00000

50.00000

40.00000
PSNR(dB)

30.00000

20.00000

10.00000

0.00000

Attacks

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Results and Discussion

The statistical value of performance measures was also compared with other
existing digital watermarking algorithm

The value recorded shows that the proposed algorithm have good imperceptibility
and more robust than the referenced algorithm.

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 Results and Discussion
C. N. Sujatha and P. Satyanarayana N. Divecha and D. N. N. Jani
1.005 1.005

1
1 0.995

0.99
0.995
0.985

NC
0.98
NC

0.99
0.975

0.985 0.97

0.965
0.98
0.96

0.955
0.975

Refrenced
Attacks Proposed
Referenced
Attacks
Proposed

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Results and Discussion
S.R Hallur,S.Kauri
1.00050

1.00000

0.99950

0.99900

NC
0.99850

0.99800

0.99750

0.99700

Attacks

Referenced Proposed

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Result and Discussion
Strength of Proposed Algorithm

YCbCr in place of RGB Color Space

Arnold Transformation for Image Scrambling

Alpha Blending Equation for watermark embedding and extraction

4 Level DWT for cover image and 3 Level DWT for watermark image

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Limitation of Thesis
This Thesis is Limited to

Non Blind Digital Watermarking

Square shaped Cover Image and Watermark

Single Watermark

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Conclusion

The Proposed Algorithm is a Non-Blind Digital Watermarking as there is need of

Cover image for extraction.

Three major tests imperceptibility, robustness against different geometric attacks

and comparison of statistical value of performance measures of proposed
algorithm with other existing algorithm were carried out.

The proposed Algorithm is also tested for different image formats such as JPEG,
GIF, PNG, TIFF and BMP

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Conclusion

With the good value of PSNR, we can say that the cover image and watermarked
image are visually same. And with high value of NC, after different geometric
attacks, shows the high similarity between the original watermark and extracted
watermark.

The statistical value of performance measures of proposed algorithm was also

compared with statistical value with other algorithm and found to be have good
imperceptibility and robustness.

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Future Work and Recommendation

The proposed algorithm can be modified to implement the Semi-Blind Digital

Watermarking.

Different interpolation methods such as Bezier Interpolation, B-Spline

Interpolation etc. can be used to embed and extract the watermark

Different image scrambling techniques can be implemented to scramble the

watermark

The Discrete Daubechies wavelet Transformation can be used.

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Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 2722-2726, August 2015
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Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 339-343, March 2015.
K. Chaitanya, S. Reddy and G. Rao, "Digital Color Image Watermarking In RGB Planes Using DWT-DCT-SVD Coefficients," International
Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies(IJCSIT), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 2413-2417, 2014.
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 Thank You

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