ACTIVE & PASSIVE

FORM
 ACTIVE
Simple Present
S + V1 + O
S + do/does + not + V1 + O
Do/does + S + V1 + O?
My father writes a letter
My father does not write a letter
Does my father write a letter?
Simple Past
S + V2 + O
S + did + not + V1 + O
Did + s + V + O?
My father wrote a letter
My father did not write a letter
Did my father write a letter?
PASSIVE
Simple Present
..+ is/am/are + V3 + by +.
..+ is/am/are + not + V3 + by +
Is/am/are + + V3 + by + .?
A letter is written by my father
A letter is not written by my father
Is a letter written by my father?
Simple Past
.+ was/were + V3 + by + .
.+ was/were + not + V3 + by + .
Was/were + . + V3 + by + ..?
A letter was written by my father
A letter was not written by my father
Was a letter written by my father?
 ACTIVE
Present Continuous
S + is/am/are + Ving + O
S + is/am/are + not + Ving + O
Is/am/are + S + Ving + O?
My father is writing a letter
My father is not writing a letter
Is my father writing a letter?
Past Continuous
S + was/were + Ving + O
S + was/were + not + Ving + O
Was/were + S + Ving + O?
My father was writing a letter
My father was not writing a letter
Was my father writing a letter?
PASSIVE
Present Continuous
+ is/am/are + being + V3 + by +..
+ is/am/are + not + being + V3 + by +
Is/am/are+.+ being+ V3 + by + .?
A letter is being written by my father
A letter is not being written by my father
Is a letter being written by my father?
Past Continuous
+was/were + being + V3 + by +
+was/were+not+being+V3+by+ ...
Was/were+.+ being+V3+by+.?
A letter was being written by my father
A letter was not being written by my father
Was a letter being written by my father?
 ACTIVE
Present Perfect
S + has/have + V3 + O
S + has/have + not + V3 + O
Has/have + S + V3 + O?
My father has written a letter
My father hasnt written a letter
Has my father written a letter?
Past Perfect
S + had + V3 + O
S + had + not + V3 + O
Had + S + V3 + O ?
My father had written a letter
My father hadnt written a letter
Had my father written a letter?
PASSIVE
Present Perfect
.+ has/have + been + V3 + by + .
.+ has/have+ not+been+V3+ by+
Has/have+ .+ been + V3 + by + .
A letter has been written by my father
A letter hasnt been written by my father
Has a letter been written by my father?
Past Perfect
. + had + been + V3 + by + ..
.+had + not + been + V3 + by + .
Had + . + been + V3 + by + .
A letter had been written by my father
A letter hadnt been written by myfather
Had a letter been written by my father?
 ACTIVE PASSIVE

Future & Past Future Future & Past Future

S + modals + V1 + O .+ modals+ be+ V3+ by + .
S + modals + not + V1 + O .+ modals+ not+ be+ V3+ by+
Modals + S + V1 + O ? Modals+ .+ be+ V3+ by+ .?
My father will write a letter A letter will be written by my father
My father would write a letter A letter would be written by my
father
My father will not write a letter A letter will not be written by my
My father wouldnt write a letter father
A letter wouldnt be written by my
father
Will my father write a letter?
Will a letter be written by my father?
Would my father write a letter?
would a letter be written by my
father?
 ACTIVE
Past Future Perfect
S + modals + have + V3 + O
S + modals+ not+ have+ V3+ O
Modals+ S+ have+ V3+ O?
My father would have written a
letter
My father would not have
written a letter
Would my father have written a
letter?
PASSIVE
Past Future Perfect
+ modals+have+ been+V3+ by+
.+ modals+ not+ been+V3+ by+
Modals+. + have+ been+ V3+
by+ .?
A letter would have been written by
my father
A letter would not have been
written by my father
Would a letter have been written by
my father?
 Note: if the doer (someone, somebody,
someone, somebody, etc) is as a subject
in active so in the passive the doer like
that is not necessary to write.
e.g. Someone has stolen my phone cell in
a train.
My phone cell has been stolen in a
train.
Exercise
1. John is calling the other members
2. Should these contracts be signed by the
manager?
3. The fire has caused considerable
damage
4. Thirty houses were not destroyed by the
tornado
5. The company orders some new
equipment
6. The president should have been called
this morning.