CIVE / CBE 540

Microbial Kinetics & Mass

Balances
Sybil Sharvelle
Review
 Michaelis-Menten - Review
1 dS S
k s
X dt Km S

Zero order (S is large): First order (S is small):

1 dS S 1 dS k s S
k s

k s K KS
X dt m
K S X dt K m
St S0 KXt
ln St ln S o KXt
K rate of substrate utilizatio n (M s M x1T 1 )
S t substrate at time t
S o substrate at time 0
X average cell mass concentrat ion during
biochemica l reaction
1
X ( Xo Xt )
2
Michaelis-Menten - Review
1st order

ln St ln S o kXt

m = -k If not linear, may be zero order

ln S

What do we plot for zero order?

St S 0 KXt

Xt
Thinking Question

What data would you need to collect from a

batch reactor to estimate Monod kinetic
parameters?
 Typical Parameter Values

(gVSS/ g (g subst/
subst.) gVSS-d)
Organism
Electron Electron
C-source fs0 Y q
Donor Acceptor
Aerobic Hetertrophs carbohydrate O2 organic 0.7 0.49 27 13.2
-
Denitrifiers carbon NO3 organic 0.5 0.25 16 4
Nitrifiers NH4+ O2 CO2 0.14 0.34 2.7 0.92
Methanogens acetate
q acetate acetate 0.05 0.035 8.4 0.3

Excerpted from Table 3.1 in text

Estimate Monod Kinetics

Collect data:
Substrate utilization
Biomass growth
Use curve fitting procedure
Example
Temperature Effects

qT q 20 (1.07)T 20
T temperatur e ( o C)
q 20 q for 20o C

See equation 3.13 (p. 171) for when q is known for temp other than 20oC

Also effects to b, modeled same (1.07)T-20

Inhibition Kinetics

Microbial growth can be slowed by presence of

inhibitory compounds
Heavy metals
Pesticides
Antibiotics
Chlorinated solvents
Mechanisms for Inhibition

Stop or slow electron donor oxidation

Decouplers stop or reduce energy gain from
electron transfer (ATP formation)
Stop or slow electron acceptor reduction
Inhibition Kinetics

Presence of external inhibitor (not substrate or produced by microorganism)

Inhibition Kinetics

Effective Parameters - Presence of external inhibitor

qeff S
rut ,eff Xa
K eff f S
eff Yeff (rut ,eff ) beff

Determined empirically
Substrate Inhibition

Self Inhibition
Substrate Inhibition

Haldane or Andrews Kinetics

q
qeff
S
1 Y and b are unaffected
K IS
K
K eff
S
1
K IS

KIS = inhibition concentration of inhibitory substrate (M/L)

Competitive Inhibition

Separate Inhibitor present at concentration I

(M/L3)
Only parameter affected is K
I
K eff K 1
KI

KI = inhibition concentration (M/L3)

What does it mean if KI is low?

Noncompetitive Inhibition
Noncompetitive Inhibition

Inhibitor binds with degradative enzyme

Enzyme conformation altered
Substrate utilization is slowed

q
qeff
I
1
KI
Thinking Question

What data would you need to collect from a

batch reactor to estimate Monod kinetic
parameters?