Migration Trend in Pakistan

Causes and Consequences

 Submitted
Too:
Name:
mam rooma
Roll Nos:
Attia Rasheed Baig 14171521-052
Sheeba Aslam 14171521-004
Jamana Zameer 14171521-059
 MIGRATIO
N
Migration is defined as the permanent change
in residence. It involves the detachment from
the organization of activities at once place and
the total round of activities to another
(Goldscheider, 1971).
 DEF

Movement of people from one area to

another. is called migration .
 Types of migration
In-migration:
people arriving in the area from other places.).
(Immigrants
Out-migration:
People leaving the area to go to other areas.
(emigrants)
Migration can be internal, within a country such
as rural to urban.
 Push and Pull Factors:

Push factors things that cause persons to leave their

residences.
Crime
Violence
Poor educational opportunities
Limited or no jobs
Lack of basic infrastructure
Housing, water, light, roads etc.
Low wages /salaries.
Limited or no recreational facilities.
Lack of technologies.
Pull factors things that cause persons to come into
new areas.

PULL FACTORS:
Availability of jobs.
Technological advancements
Availability of recreational facilities
High wages
Political stability
Low crime rate
Proper infrastructure roads, telephone/internet,
housing, electricity etc.
 Migration in Pakistan :
Rural urban migration in Pakistan nowadays is
becoming one of the most obvious as well as
influential social factors.

Migration from rural to urban areas may take place

because village is unable to provide livelihood to the
people and village living condition may be intolerable.

Human beings have been moving from place-to-place

for better economic and social environment.
 Population growth and development are
interlinked with each other. Economic
development produces resources in the
country that can be used to produces
resources in the country that can be used to
improvement, along with associated social
changes, reduce both fertility and mortality
rates. On the other
 2015 2016 2017
Total 191.71 195.4 199.1
population(millio
ns)

Urban population 75.91 77.93 80.72

(million)

Rural 116.52 117.48 118.38

population(millio
n)

Total fatality rate 3.2 3.1 3.0

(TRF)
Population 1.92 1.89 1.86
growth rate
(percent)
population 2017
Punjab(million) 110

Sindh(million) 47.89
Khyber pakhtunkhwa ( million) 30.52
Baluchistan(million) 12.34
 Saudi Arabia is the largest country to host
Pakistani workers and 1.6 million workers
proceeded for job from 2013 to 2016 followed
by UAE 1.2 million, Oman is 0.18 million and
0.04 million from Qatar.
 : Number of Pakistani Workers Registered
S.No. Countries 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 UAE 273,234 350,522 326,986 295,647
2 Bahrain 9,600 9,226 9,029 8,226
3 Malaysia 2,031 20,577 20,216 10,625

4 Oman 47,794 39,793 47,788 45,085

5 Qatar 8,119 10,042 12,741 9,706

6 Saudi Arabia 270,502 312,489 522,750 462,598

7 UK 158 250 260 346

 Consequences of migration,

Well trained and enterprising people more

readily make the decision to migrate.the
emigration of specialists weakness their home
countries. On the other hand,money
transferred by emigrants alleviates the poverty
at home. Large influxes of asylum seekers
confront western countries with serious and
diverse problem.
 What are the social consequences of
migration ?

The question is looking for both the positive and negative social
effects of migration for the origin country and receiving country so
this is a good way to structure you answer the country people are
migrating from can suffer from a loss of young economically active
fe male ,altering the demographic ,reducing economic growth and
potentially pushing the area in into decline and splitting up families
creating tension however, this could empower females filling in for
the males E.g.the country people are migrating to may need these
migrants to support an ageing population's .g.Germany different
cultures bring different cuisines and tradition to the country but can
be met with resistance and conflict from indogenous citizens.
(Author, Michaelkugeluman 2009.)

 Economic Consequences (Pakistan)

Pakistan city planners vertical high density models of growth ,which

emphasises high rises and mixed use regulation that allow the some
structure to be used for commercial and residential purposes. That is
because vertical growth allows for more high density space.
The supply of city housing is further undercut by rental laws so
favourable to landlords that the latter often refuse to rent out their
properties(only about 5% of housing in Pakistan is rented).
Finally, urbanisation raises concerns about the neglect of Pakistans
agriculture industry. A critical sector that has dominated the economy
since independence and that account nearly half of all labour forces
job.
 2 Social consequences

urbanization also has the potential to shatter one

of the most lon standing structural obstacles in
Pakistani society inquire able rural land
ownership. A small minority of rich formers owns.
The majority Pakistan rural land meaning that
millions are landless and dependant on these
wealthy land owners for livelihoods. Natural
resources and patronage.
 3.Political consequences

Pakistan peoples party which leads the current governing

coalition,drwas much o0f its power from rural land holdings.
According to 2013 urbanization has two major ramifications
for the country turbulent political scene. First it could give a
big boss to the Pakistan Muslim league (PML,N),the nation
chief opposition party which is lead by the former prime
minister Nawaz Sharif bastion are undeniably urban,with
strong support with cities of Punjab .Pakistan moist
population province nearly are PML,N party Punjab cities from
Lahore ,Gujranwala and Rawalpindi.
 CONSEQUENCES OF ,MIGRATION FOR
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(Author Mark R. Rosenzweig)

1.Skill prices and the incentives to migrate

2.The effects of out migration on skill prices and
skills
3.Long running effects
4.Imigration and return of skilled permanent
 .Student immigrants and their returned.
6.Estemating the magnitude of the urban
drain
7.The magnitude and determinant's of transfer
8.Assessing the impact of remittances
9.who are the recipients of transfer within
sending countries
 Consequences in Pakistan
1.Emigrationweaknes the native countries to migrate
2.Emigration weakens the native countries of the migrants.
The world bank estimates that there are roughly 1000 000
universty graduates, fully or partly educated in Africa living
and working in western industrialized countries.
3.successful emigrants encourage others to followthem.
4. migrants help to alleviate the poverty in their native
country at least in the s hort term
5.the expulsion of dissidents has an alders effect on social
development
 CAUSES OF MIGRATION
There are many factors which are cause of
migration. These factors are as follows;
1 Economic factors
2 Demographic factors
3 Socio-cultural factors
4 Political factors
5 Miscellaneous factors
 Economic factors
In developing countries, low agriculture income,
agriculture unemployment and
underemployment are considered basic factors
pushing the migrant towards developed area with
greater job opportunities. Thus almost all studies
concur that most of migrant have moved in
search of Better opportunities.

The basic economic factors which motivate the

migration may be further classified as push
factors and pull factors.
 The push factors are the factors that compel a person
due to different reasons to leave that place and go to
some other place. The common push factors are low
productivity, unemployment and underdevelopment,
poor economic condition, lack of opportunities for
advancement, exhaustion of natural recourses and
natural calamities.
The pull factors are factors
which attract the migrants to an area. Opportunities
for better employment, high wages, facilities, better
working conditions and attractive amenities are pull
factors of an area
 Demographic factors
The differences in population growth rates of
the different regions of a nation have been
found to be a determinant in the internal
migration. Fertility and the natural increase in
population are generally higher in rural areas
which drift the population to worlds the city.
Other important demographic factor in
internal migration is marriage because females
are used to follow their spouses
 Socio-cultural factors;

Social and cultural factor also an important role in

migration. Sometimes family conflict, the quest
for independence, also causes migration
especially of those in the younger generation.
Improved communication facilities such as
transportation, impact of television, good
network communication, the cinema, the urban
education and resultant change in attitudes and
values also promote migration.
 Political factors;

Sometimes even political factors

encourage or discourage from region to another.
After 1948, most of rural people migrated to
urban because of safety
in Myanmar. Hence, the political background,
attitudes and individual viewpoint of the people
influenced on the migration of people
 Miscellaneous factors;

factors such as the presence of relative an

friends in urban areas desire to receive
education whish's available only in urban
areas are factors responsible for migration
closeness of cultural contacts, cultural
diversity, individual attitudes are also
associated with migration