A metalic di- or trivalent transition element

An essential constituent of hemoglobin and myoglobin

store and transport oxygen
hemoglobin : red blood cell
myoglobin : muscle tissue

Part of various enzyme

 Essential cofactor of :
Oxygen transport
Respiration
Amino acid
Lipid
Alcohol
Vitamin A
Sulfite metabolism
Various other redox reaction
 A metallic, divalent transition element
Essential for the activation of numerous genes
Vegetarian, pregnant or breastfeeding women need slightly more
The Macho Mineral
the largest quantities of zink in the male human body in the
testes ~ testosterone to produce plentiful healthy, viable
sperm
FUNCTION:
Protect nerve and brain tissue
Bolsters the immune system
Essential for healthy growth
Part of enzymes and hormones (such as
insulin)

SOURCES:
Oysters, other shellfish, eggs and meat
A transition metal
An antioxidant found in enzymes that deactivates free radicals
Assists the body to employ iron
Slowing the aging process by decreasing the incidence of
protein glycation bone loss, high cholesterol, cardiac
abnormalities
-People with diabetic loss of vision
 Function
Essential for energy metabolism (cellular
respiration)
Brain function (neurotransmitter regulation)
Soft tissue and bone (collagen synthesis)
Nutrient metabolism (especially iron)
For antioxidant defense against free radicals
In addition, copper :
promotes the growth of strong bones
promotes the health of nerve tissues
prevents your hair from turning gray
prematurely
A component of the thyroid hormones thyroxin and triiodothyronine

- help regulate cell activities

- essential for protein synthesis
- tissue growth (the formation of healthy nerves and bones)
- reproduction
 Deficiency
A lack of iodine cause :
Spontaneous abortion and birth defects
Impairs irreversibly brain and physical development in the fetus
and young children
Mild to severe mental retardation
Hearing loss
Paralysis leg

Older children and adult excessive growth of the

thyroid gland (goiter), slows metabolic rate, mental and
cardiac function and induces a feeling of fatigue and
cold intolerance
A transition metal
Essential for several enzyme to metabolize fat
A necessary partner for Glucose Tolerance Factor (a group of
chemical that enables insulin to regulate of glucose utilization)

Cr alone binds to nuclear DNA and increases the number of

initiation sites for RNA synthesis
Sources :
nut, whole grains, yeast and cheese
A transition metal with potential valences +2, +3 and +7
In glands (pituitary, mammary, pancreas), organs (liver,
kidneys, intestines); and bones

Sources :
Whole grains, sweet potatoes, cereal products,
fruit and vegetables(spinach), tea
 FUNCTION
An essential constituent of the enzymes that
metabolize carbohydrates, protein digestion and
metabolism, synthesize fats (cholesterol), biotin
function, cartilage regeneration and free radical
defense
Important for a healthy reproductive system
During pregnancy, manganese speeds the proper
growth of fetal tissue, particularly bones and
cartilage
A transition element with valences 2,3,4,5 or 6
Humans need amount of Mo for metabolism protein,
sulfite, nucleic acids, aldehydes and taurine
Have a role in function of glucocorticoid hormones and
immune defense

Sources :
beans, grains, leavy vegetables, milk and cheese
FUNCTION :

A cofactor for enzymes and proteins with

vital importance in :
Antioxidant defense
Thyroid hormones and insulin function
Regulation of cell growth
Maintenance of fertility
- A metallic transition element
- A part of vitamin B12
- Function :
-An essential cofactor ~ regulation of translation
- A constituent of an oxygen sensor
 A strict vegetarian : Fe, Ca (soybean milk fortified with Ca,
orange juice with added Ca)

Live inland, away from the ocean

A man and a woman
Pregnant and Breast Feeding (Ca, P, Mg,Fe, Zn and Selenium)
Menopause