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Write formulae to represent ions and molecules
Write balanced equations including state symbols
to represent chemical reactions referred to in the
syllabus
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
An element
When mercuric oxide is heated, it
decomposes into oxygen and
mercury.
However, both oxygen and mercury
cannot be broken down into
anything simpler. An element is a substance which
cannot be broken down into any
Oxygen and mercury are examples simpler substances by chemical
means.
of elements.
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Elements
Elements are the fundamental building blocks of matter
in our universe.
There are about 92 natural elements and more than 10
man-made elements.
Each element has a name and a chemical symbol.
A list of elements with their symbols is given in the
Periodic Table.
The Periodic Table of the Elements
http://www.chemicool.com/
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Atoms of elements
An element is made up of only
one kind of atom.
For example, gold is made up of
only gold atoms.
Oxygen is made up of molecules
each consisting of two oxygen
atoms, while ozone is made up of
molecules each containing three
oxygen atoms.
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Metals and non-metals
Elements can be classified into metals and
non-metals.
Metals are usually hard and shiny. They
are malleable and ductile and are good Copper: a metal
Return
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
A Compound
Mercuric oxide is not an element because it is made
up of mercury and oxygen.
It is called a compound.
Bromine 1 Br
Iodine 1 I
Oxygen 2 O2
Sulphur 2 S2
Nitrogen 3 N3
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Valencies of some group atoms
Name Valency Symbol
Ammonium 1 NH4+
Hydroxide 1 OH
Nitrate 1 NO3
Sulphate 2 SO42
Carbonate 2 CO32
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Writing formulae
Metals (or cations) can react with non-metals (or anions).
When a formula is formed, the positive charges of the cation
have to be balanced by the negative charges of the anion.
The total charge of a neutral compound must be zero.
Examples:
1. Sodium chloride: Na+ + Cl NaCl
2. Copper(II) oxide: Cu2+ + O2 MgO
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Writing formula
Example 3: magnesium chloride
Mg2+ + (Cl)x 2 MgCl2
E.g. Write a balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the
reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and limestone chips (calcium
carbonate).
2 HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Quick check 4
1. Balance the following chemical equations by writing
numbers in the blank spaces provided:
a) __ Ca + __ O2 __ CaO
b) __ N2 + __ H2 __ NH3
c) __ C2H4 + __ O2 __ CO2 + __ H2O
d) __ Mg + __ Fe2O3 __ MgO + __ Fe
e) __ NH3 + __ O2 __ N2 + __ H2O
f) __ Pb(NO3)2 __ PbO + __ NO2 + __ O2
g) __ KClO3 __ KCl + __ O2
h) __ CaCl2 + __ Na2CO3 __ CaCO3 + __ NaCl
Solution
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Quick check 4
2. Write balanced chemical equations with state symbols
for the following word equations:
a) Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium oxide
b) Hydrogen + Oxygen Water
c) Mercuric(II) oxide Mercury + Oxygen
d) Sodium + Oxygen Sodium oxide
e) Ammonia + Sulphuric acid Ammonium sulphate
f) Ammonium chloride + Sodium hydroxide Sodium chloride + water + ammonia
g) Zinc + Hydrochloric acid Zinc chloride + hydrogen
Solution
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Solution to Quick check 4
Q1.
a) 2_Ca + __ O2 2_ CaO
b) __ N2 + 3_H2 2_ NH3
c) __ C2H4 + 3_O2 2_CO2 + 2_H2O
d) 3 Mg + __ Fe2O3 3_ MgO + 2_ Fe
e) 4_NH3 + 3_O2 2_N2 + 6 H2O
f) 2_ Pb(NO3)2 2_PbO + 4_ NO2 + __ O2
g) 2_ KClO3 2_KCl + 3_O2
h) __ CaCl2 + __ Na2CO3 __ CaCO3 + 2_NaCl Return
Chapter 4
Elements and Compounds
Solution to Quick check 4
Q2.
Return