WINDOW AS PASSIVE COOLANT

IN RUSUNAWA GRUDO SURABAYA

Aisyah A. Yuliwarto and Agung M. Nugroho

University of Brawijaya, Department of Architecture
Surabaya average temperature The high temperature may provokes
the use of mechanical cooling in the
low cost apartment whereas the use of
energy in the low-cost apartment itself
has exceeded the government target
34.8 o C

Rusunawa Grudo have a higher

indoor temperature than
outdoor temperature

Issues

Passive cooling
strategy Window performance as
passive coolant to lower

Solution
temperature and achieve
comfort ventilation
 Window Design
The recommended passive cooling in
tropical climate is through natural
ventilation and window acts as the
opening of natural ventilation.
DIMENSION
The window areas in the room to achieve thermal comfort is at
least 20% of floor area.
POSITION
The position of the window should lead to a human activity zone
(up to 2 m high) so that humans can feel the incoming wind
TYPE
The most effective windows for entering the wind are casement (90%
effectiveness) and awnings, hopper, jalousie windows (75% effectiveness)

Window Orientation
The recommended window orientation in the tropical climate to avoid
the entry of heat is facing north or south

Window Overhang
Window as Overhang should considering VSA calculation and have distance from
passive coolant the window is at least 6 (15 cm) from the side or at least 12 (30 cm)
from above
Data Collections Simulation Procedure
Building physical data is obtained through
field measurement. The temperature and Geometry
air velocity data are obtained from the
previous study by Alfata et al., 2015.
Boundary condition

Processing

Iteration

Plot temperature &

air velocity

August 31st September 4th, 2015

Boundary Type Condition
Validation
Corridor Inlet Corridor temperature
Methods Modification Outdoor
Corridor air velocity
Outlet Outdoor temperature
Wall Wall -
 Surabaya Comfort Temperature

Surabaya located between 112o 36 122o 54E and The average monthly temperature (Tav) of Surabaya during
7o 21S has tropical climate condition. 2010-2015 is 28.7 C. Based on these data the Surabaya
neutral temperature (Tn) can be known .
29.2
Temperature (C)

29 = 17.63 + 0.31
28.8 = 17.6 + 0.31(28,7 C) = 26.497 C 26.5 C.
28.6
28.4 The comfort temperature is in the range of 5C,
(Tn - 2.5C) - (Tn + 2.5C)
28.2
28
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Years Surabaya comfort temperature is 24C 29C.

Surabaya climate This comfort temperature is used as passive cooling parameter

to determine the window performance.
condition
 Comfort ventilation

Surabaya located between 112o 36 122o 54E and

7o 21S has tropical climate condition.
29.2
Temperature (C)

29
28.8
28.6
28.4
28.2
28
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Years

Surabaya climate
condition The comfort ventilation is used as passive cooling parameter
to determine the window performance.
 Window Condition
Grudo Street V / 2, Tegalsari,
Surabaya Dimension Position
Lechner Permenpu Human Plafond
Type
(20% floor (1% floor height Height
1 twin block with 5 floors area) area) (< 2 m) (> 2 m)
99 residential units A Yes Yes Yes No Awning
Unit type 24. B Yes Yes Yes No Awning
C No Yes Yes No Awning
D No Yes No Yes Bovenlicht
Air Velocity Condition E No Yes No Yes Awning
The average outdoor air velocity for
5 days is 1.3 m/s, while the living Temperature Condition
room air velocity is 0.3 m/s and the
33
bedroom is 0.1 m/s.
Temperature (C)
31
29

Rusunawa Grudo 27
25
Surabaya 23

Time
LR MB Surabaya comfort temp. Outdoor
Simulation Validation Window Modification
Window A Window B
Dimension : 1.52 m 1.36 m Dimension : 0.80 m 0.46 m
Position :+ Position :+
Type : Awning Type : Awning
Orientation : East/West Orientation : West/East
Overhang :- Overhang : 0.66 m

Dimension modification Position modification Type modification

[Window design]

Orientation modification

Window Overhang modification

modification
Modified window performance
 The smaller outlet window has higher bedroom temperatures and vice versa. This is because the smaller inlet size
can accelerate the air velocity as it lowers the temperature.

Alternative 7
has the lowest temperature with a
temperature drop of 0.06 C in the living
room and 0.28 C in the master
bedroom. The average air velocity is 0.75
m/s.

Window
dimension
 The position change shows no significant temperature change. This is due to the position of the entire window
alternative is still in the zone of human activity.

Alternative 7.1
has the lowest temperature with a
temperature drop of 0.06 C in the living
room and 0.28 C in the master
bedroom. The average air velocity is 0.75
m/s.

Window position
90 naco window angle as the outlet actually tends to increase the temperature in the unit, whereas inlet condition
with naco 90 window angle shows lower temperature compared to others angle. This due to the oblique angle that
tends to block the incoming wind by 25%.

Alternative 7.1 .8
has the lowest temperature with a
temperature drop of 0.08 C in the living
room and 0.30 C in the bedroom. The
average air velocity is 0.78 m/s.

Window type
 The temperature in the residential unit are still above Surabaya
comfort temperature at 08.00-21.00.

But, achieve the comfort ventilation with 0.78 m/s air velocity in the
31.74 C and 40% RH room.

35.00
34.00
33.00

Temperature (C)
32.00
31.00
30.00
29.00
28.00
27.00
26.00
Alternative 7.1.8 Existing 25.00
24.00

Window design
23.00

modification Time
Existing Existing simulation
Alt 7.1.8 Surabaya comfort temp.
 The orientation which has the lowest temperature coherently is
north, south, east, and west

The performance of the northern window

alternative has the lowest temperature at
08.00 with 0.40 C decrease and at 16.00
with 0.50 C decrease.

The performance of the southern window

alternative also managed to lower the
temperature at 08.00 by 0.36 C and at
16.00 by 0.28 C

Window orientation
Existing Northern Window

The alternative U2 window has the lowest temperature

with a decrease of 0.02 C at 08.00, 0.04 C at 12.00 and
0.12 C at 16.00

Modified

Window overhang
Existing Southern Window

the alternative window performance S1 has the lowest

temperature with a drop in temperature of 0.02 C at 08.00
and 0.04 C 16.00.

Modified

Window overhang
 The window performance of design modification can lower the
temperature up to 0.3 C and achieve comfort ventilation by
producing 0.78 m/s air velocity.

The window orientation with the biggest performance to

decrease the temperature in a sequence is north, south, east and
west.

The window performance of orientation modification from west

to north and south can lower the temperature up to 0.5 C

The performance of overhang modification in the window with a

width considering VSA manage to lower the temperature up to
0.12 C

Conclusions