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Communication

Embracing Difference
Fourth Edition

Dunn and Goodnight


Chapter 1
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An Overview of
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Communication
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PowerPoint edited by Kristin Harkin Jurczak,


Purdue University Calumet

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The Communication Process

Communicating effectively stems from


an overall understanding that people
are simultaneously different and similar.

Communication is the interdependent


process of sending, receiving, and
understanding messages.

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Functions of Communication

It creates and maintains our sense of


self or our identity.
It helps us create communities.
It forms and strengthens relationships.
It gives us the ability to influence others.
It conveys and creates information.

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The Communication Process

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Communication Process... People

Source The person who creates and


sends the message.

Receiver The person to whom the


message is sent.

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Communication Process...
The Message
The thought, feeling, or action that is
sent from the source to the receiver with
the use of symbols
Can be verbal, nonverbal, intentional,
and unintentional

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Communication Process...
Encoding
The process of putting thoughts, ideas,
or feelings into meaningful symbols that
another person can understand.
Most familiar with concept of words
Rely on frame of reference to choose
appropriate symbol

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Communication Process...
Decoding
The process of interpreting or attaching
meaning to another persons message
People decode messages differently
based on their frame of reference

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Communication Process...
Channel
The vehicle by which the message is
communicated from the source to the
receiver
Various types of media
TV, radio, movies, newspapers, social
networking sites

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Communication Process...
Feedback
The receivers response to the senders
message
It provides information about the way
the message is being interpreted
As senders, we sometimes have
difficulty interpreting feedback

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Communication Process...
Context
Context The conditions surrounding
communication with others.
Physical Setting Where and when the
communication occurs. Location, seating
arrangement, time of day, room size, and
lighting all affect the process.
Psychological Climate The attitudes and
feelings we have about ourselves and the
other people involved in the communication.
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Communication Process...
Noise / Interference
Noise and Interference Any intended
or unintended stimulus that affects the
fidelity of a senders message.
External Noise Includes sounds or visual
stimuli that draw our attention away from the
intended message.
Internal Noise Includes our own thoughts or
feelings that prevent us from processing the
senders message.
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Functions of Communication

Creates and maintains a sense of


identity
Creates communities
Forms and strengthens relationships
Ability to influence/persuade
Conveys and creates information

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Types of Communication
Intrapersonal
Communication with ourselves.

It is an ongoing process involving


evaluation of ourselves and
relationships with others, problem
solving, and planning for the future.

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Types of Communication
Interpersonal
The informal exchange that occurs
between two or more people.

It usually occurs between two people or


in small groups.

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Types of Communication
Interpersonal
Informal exchange that occurs between
two or more people
Dyadic is the interaction between two
people.
Small group includes interactions with
three to eight people.

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Types of Communication
Small Group
Less intimate than dyadic and less
formal than public speaking
Can be informal discussion or problem-
solving group or committee

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Types of Communication
Public
Involves an individual sharing of
information with a large group.
The situation is usually a speaker
presenting ideas to an audience.

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Understanding Difference,
Diversity, and Communication
Everyones frame of reference is unique and
thus makes us different from one another.

We need to value the differences and strive to


understand each person.

Understanding leads to a greater


understanding and more effective
communication.
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Communication and Technology

We can enhance our relationships and


communication with the use of
technology....

However, we need to be careful how


and when we decide to use it.

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