INTRODUCTION TO

NETWORKING
M.Munyaradzi
Business Applications of Networks

A network with two clients and one server.

Business Applications of Networks (2)

The client-server model involves requests and replies.

Business Applications of Networks (2)
A second goal of setting up a computer network has to do with the
people rather than information or even computers.
A computer network can provide a powerful communication medium
among employees, email.
With a network, it is easy for two or more people who work far apart to
write a report together
Another form computer assisted communication is videoconferencing.

A third goal for increasingly many companies is doing business

electronically with other companies, especially suppliers and
customers
 Home (Internet) Applications

Access to remote information

Person-to-person communication
Interactive entertainment
Electronic commerce
Home Network Applications (2)

In peer-to-peer system there are no fixed clients and servers.

 Network Hardware

Local Area Networks

Metropolitan Area Networks
Wide Area Networks
Wireless Networks
Home Networks
Internetworks
 Broadcast Networks

Types of transmission technology

Broadcast links
Point-to-point links
 Broadcast Networks (2)

Classification of interconnected processors by scale.

 LANs, WANs

Networks are classified according to their geographical coverage and

size. The two most common network classifications are local
area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).

A LAN is a data network that is restricted to a single geographical

location and typically encompasses a relatively small area such
as an office building or school. The function of the LAN is to
interconnect workstation computers for the purposes of sharing
files and resources. Because of its localized nature, the LAN is
typically high speed and cheaper to set up than a WAN.
 LANs, WANs

A WAN is a network that spans more than one geographical location

often connecting separated LANs. WANs are slower than LANs and
often require additional and costly hardware such as routers,
dedicated leased lines, and complicated implementation procedures.
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
Services

Six different types of service.

Reference Models
Reference Models (2)

The TCP/IP reference model.

 Reference Models (3)

Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially.

 Ethernet

Architecture of the original Ethernet.

 Wireless LANs

(a) Wireless networking with a base station.

(b) Ad hoc networking.