CSMA/CA

Advisor :
Student : NGUYEN HAI DANG
HOANG TUAN LINH
Class : KSTN- TVT-K58

Ha Noi, 28/3/2017
Content
What is CSMA/CA?
Why use CSMA/CA in WLAN?
CSMA/CA mechanism
CSMA/CA vs CSMA/CD
What is CSMA/CA?
CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) is a protocol for
carrier transmission in 802.11 networks

Distributed coordination function (DCF) is the fundamental MAC technique of

the IEEE 802.11 based WLAN standard. DCF employs a CSMA/CA
Why use CSMA/CA in WLAN?
Half Duplex
Station can transmit and receive but it can only do one of these things at any moment
in time

Hidden Node Problem

Some nodes can see the access point, but not each other
CSMA/CA mechanism
Wlan carrier sensing
Using two methods

Physical carrier sensing

Virtual carrier sensing (using NAV)

NAV is network allocation vector

NAV is a timer that is updated by data frames

transmitted on the medium

CSMA/CA basic access
Wait an additional DIFS (DCF inter-frame space) interval
Generate a random backoff delay
N slot time (N is chosen in the
range [0, CW 1] )

Basic CSMA/CA operations

CSMA/CA basis flow char
Start

K=0

N
Idle channel ?

Y
Wait DIFS
time

N
Idle channel ? contention window
Y size is 2K-1
Chose the random number
N
R between 0 to 2 K-1

After each slot:

N ACK before time Send Wait R
K>15 K=K+1
out? Frame slot - If idle, continue counting
Y
Y
- If busy, stop counting
Abort Success
Basis transmission

SIFS : Short Inter Frame Spacing (SIFS = DIFS 2 slot time)

CSMA/CA with RTS/CTS
Used to avoid Hidden Note Problem
RTS (request to send) frame : sended by source node
RTS contants : Duration, RA (Receiver Address), TA (Transmitter Address) ...

CTS (clear to send) frame : sended by destination node

CTS contants : Duration, RA (Receiver Address)...
Transmission with RTS/CTS
CSMA/CA with RTS/CTS flow char Start

K=0

N
Idle channel ?

Y
Wait DIFS
time

N
Idle channel ?

Y
Chose the random number
R between 0 to 2K-1

Wait R
N N slot

N ACK before time Send Wait CTS before time Send

K>15 K=K+1
out? Frame SIFS out? RTS
Y
Y
Y
Abort Success
CSMA/CA vs CSMA/CD
Advantages of CSMA/CA Disadvantages of CSMA/CA

Small control frames lessen the cost of Not as efficient as CSMA-CD

collisions (when data is large)

RTS + CTS provide virtual carrier sense Doesnt solve all the problems of MAC in
which protects against hidden terminal wireless networks
collisions (where A cant hear B)
Thank you for your
attention!