SUHU TANAH

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SUHU TANAH DI PENGARUHI

1. Komposisi tanah tanah mineral

lebih cepat nainya suhu
dibandingkan tanah yang
mengandung bo

2. Struktur tanah tanah pasir lbh

mudah panas dibandingkan tanah
liat.

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3. Kandungan air tanah
mempengaruhi suhu tanah.
Konsekwensinya tanah lembab
memiliki suhu yang lbh rendah
dibandingkan dgn tanah kering

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4. Warna tanah: Tanah hitam merupakan
indikasi kandungan humus tinggi
5. Vegetasi.
6. Irrigasi dan drainase: Irrigatsi
meningkatkan kelembaban tanah
sehingga menurunkan suhu tanah
Drainase menurunkan kapasitas panas
tanah.
7. Topography- tempat yang lebih tinggi lebih
panas dibandingkan pada level bawah
8. Climate.
9. Musim

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 TEMPERATUR TANAH
MEMPENGARUHI PROSES
FISIKA DAN KIMIA YANG
TERJADI DALAM TANAH

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 Asal suhu tanah

Radiasi surya
Reaksi biokimia (dekomposisi bahan
tanaman)
Konduksi (bagian luar lbh panas
dibandingkan dengan bagian dalam, pada
malam hari suhu permukaan tanah lbh
dingin dari sub soil))
Presipitasi (selama musim dingin presipitasi
meningkatkan suhu tanah)
vegetasi

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 Radiasi surya bagi tanaman
merupakan sumber energi
utama

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 Every biological process needs an
optimum temperature to get
accomplished.
A maize seed germinates only at a
temperature range of 7-10C
most of the soil microbes function best at
25-35C

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 PENGUKURAN

Prinsipnya sama dengan thermometer air

raksa yang lain, hanya aplikasinya
digunakan untuk mengukur suhu tanah
dari kedalaman 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 dan 100
cm.
Untuk kedalaman 50 dan 100 cm, harus
ditanam sebuah tabung silinder untuk
menempatkan thermometer agar mudah
untuk melakukan pembacaan.
Untuk kedalaman 0-20 cm, cukup dengan
membenamkan bola tempat air raksa
sesuai dengan kedalaman
yang diperlukan.
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 Soil temperature plays an important role in
many processes, which take place in the
soil such as chemical reactions and
biological interactions.
Soil temperature varies in response to
exchange processes that take place
primarily through the soil surface. These
effects are propagated into the soil profile
by transport processes and are influenced
by such things as the specific heat
capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal
diffusivity.

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 Soil temperature fluctuates annually and
daily affected mainly by variations in air
temperature and solar radiation.
The annual variation of daily average soil
temperature at different depths can be
estimated using a sinusoidal function
(Hillel, 1982; Marshall and Holmes, 1988;
Wu and Nofziger, 1999).

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Modifying the soil thermal

Mulch Modifying the soils thermal

regime has great advantages for
agricultural practices.
The overall effect is to modify the
temperature amplitude at the soil
surface and consequently
throughout the profile.

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The effects of the mulch include:

Cooling effect.
Reduce the amplitude (i.e. knocks out
peaks and trouphs)
Reduces heat transferr over the surface
of the soil, giving a damping effect.
By the second day after the addittion of
the mulch, the mulch reduced the
amplitude of the 1cm by 17C and 10 cm
by 7C.

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Effect of soil temperature
Germination of seeds : if the temperature
is too low ,the seed fails to germinate at a
slow rate. If temperature high may be
injured to seeds.
Physical properties of soil: soil structure,
aggregation , and binding materials .

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 Microbial activity: Micro organisms
having thermophobic and
thermophilic nature variation in
temperature. Microbiological
process like mineralization of
nitrogen,nitrogen fixation pesticide
degradation etc. are influenced by
the temperature. Temperature
below 5c-Activity of M.Os is
lowest and above 45c-activity of
M.Os is lowest. 25-35c optimum
temperature for activity of M.O.

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 Decomposition of O.M in the soil:
Low soil temperature
decomposition low toxic materials
developed high temperature fast
decomposition beneficial products
of M.O.
Absorpton of water.
Availablity of nutrients.

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 Root Growth soil temperature
low temperature encourages
white succulent roots with little
branching, while high
temperature encourages a
browner ,finer and much more
freely branching root system.
Plant diseases- low soil
temperature weekly parasitic
fungi will grow actively kill the
seedlings.

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