PentAir Training Program

First Week
Office Lectures
 Fire triangle
The triangle illustrates the rule that in
order to ignite and burn, a fire
requires three elements: heat, fuel,
and an oxidizing agent, usually
oxygen. The fire is prevented or
extinguished by removing any one of
them. A fire naturally occurs when the
elements are combined in the right
mixture
 Water System
To fight a fire we use a water system which pumping water in high
pressure through special nozzle or sprinklers.
 Water system Applications

Is My application need water system ?

Is Water available ?
 Wet Pipe Sprinkler Systems
In this Case the pipe Networks
are pressurized at certain
pressure all the time and we use
glass sprinkler in this
arrangement.

when the fire take place the

pressure decrease in the
pipeline , so the pressure
sensing line give signal to
control panel to start the pump.
 Wet Pipe Sprinkler Systems
A wet pipe sprinkler system is a sprinkler system employing automatic
sprinkler heads attached to a piping system containing water and
connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from
sprinklers opened by heat from a fire

Each sprinkler is activated individually when it is heated to its design

temperature. Most sprinklers discharge approximately 20-25 gallons per
minute (gpm), depending on the system design. Sprinklers for special
applications are designed to discharge up to 100 gpm.
 Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems
A dry pipe sprinkler system is a system
with automatic sprinkler heads attached
to a piping system containing air. The
release of this pressure (as from the
opening of a sprinkler) permits the water
pressure to open a valve known as a dry
pipe valve and the water then flows into
the piping system and out of the open
sprinkler head.

Dry pipe sprinkler systems are installed

in areas where wet pipe systems may be
inappropriate such as areas where
freezing temperatures might be
expected.
 Deluge Sprinkler Systems

A pre-action sprinkler system is similar to

a deluge sprinkler system except the
sprinklers are closed. This type system is
typically used in areas containing high
value equipment or contents and spaces
which are highly sensitive to the effects of
accidental sprinkler water discharge. The
pre-action valve is normally closed and is
operated by a separate detection system.
 Deluge Sprinkler Systems
Activation of a fire detector will open the pre-action
valve, allowing water to enter the system piping. Water
will not flow from the sprinklers until heat activates
the operating element in individual sprinklers.
Opening of the pre-action valve effectively converts the
system to a wet pipe sprinkler system.

In a pre-action system the piping is pressurized with

air or nitrogen, monitoring of this air pressure
provides a means of supervising the system piping.
Loss of the supervisory air pressure in the system
piping results in a trouble signal at the alarm panel.
Water System

Source
Pump of water
Station

Pipe
network

Water System
Water System
 Water System
1. Source of water

We should indicate source of water before design the system ( Sea

water , drain water , channel, Tanks .. ).
We should check Purity of water to avoid contamination or
corrosion in pipes.
In most applications we use tanks.
Source of water
 Source of water
Notes
1. From the NFPA we can know the fire class and we can get time
required to fight the fire and amount of water required.

2. The water storage tank depend on application and site.

3. Water storage tank will be made from metal ,PVC and concrete.

4. suction pipe from storage tank according to NFPA 20 table 12.

5. Return path must be installed (use in test and inspections).

6.Vortex breaker must be installed in suction pipe to avoid air bubble.

 Pump Station

In fire Fighting application we used centrifugal Pumps

according to NFPA 20.

The main two parameter in Pump station are:

1. Flow rate
2. Head
 Pump Station
The fire Pump manufacturers make some
modification in impeller to increase the flow rate
at the same head.
 Pump stations

Schematic Diagram of Suggested Arrangements for a Fire Pump

 Jockey Pump Installation with Fire Pump

Pressure maintenance (jockey or

make-up) pumps should be used
where it is desirable to maintain a
uniform or relatively high pressure
on the fire protection system. A
jockey pump should be sized to
make up the allowable leakage rate
within 10 minutes or 3.8 L/min (1
gpm), whichever is larger.
 Pump stations
Notes:
We should determine the suction port of the pump.
Rotation of driver motor must be in suction direction
 Accessories

Horizontal Split-Case Fire Pump Installation with

Water Supply Under a Positive Head.
Accessories
 Pipes Network
Material :
Steel ,PVC, HDPE, Copper ,UPNC, Fibers

Fittings:
According to the material

Supports (Hangers):
According to the application
 PIPE
Pipe or tube shall meet or exceed one of the standards in Table
 Steel Pipe Welded or Roll-
Grooved

When steel pipe referenced in Table is used and joined

by welding or by roll-grooved pipe and fittings in, the
minimum nominal wall thickness for pressures up to
300 psi (20.7 bar) shall be in accordance with
Schedule 10 for pipe sizes up to 5 in. (127 mm), 0.134
in. (3.40 mm) for 6-in. (152-mm) pipe, and 0.188 in.
(4.78 mm) for 8- and 10-in. (203- and 254-mm) pipe.
 Steel Pipe Threaded
When steel pipe referenced in Table is joined by
threaded fittings or by fittings used with pipe having
cut grooves, the minimum wall thickness shall be in
accordance with Schedule 30 pipe [in sizes 8 in. (203
mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 pipe [in sizes less than
8 in. (203 mm)] for pressures up to 300 psi (20.7 bar).
 Copper Tube
Copper tube as specified in the standards listed in
Table 6.3.1.1 shall have a wall thickness of Type K,
Type L, or Type M where used in sprinkler systems.
 Listed Pipe and Tubing
Other types of pipe or tube investigated for suitability in automatic
sprinkler installations and listed for this service, including but not limited
to polybutylene, CPVC, and steel, differing from that provided in Table
6.3.6.1 shall be permitted where installed in accordance with their listing
limitations, including installation instructions.

Pipe or tube listed for light hazard occupancies shall be permitted to be

installed in ordinary hazard rooms of otherwise light hazard
occupancies where the room does not exceed 400 ft2 (37 m2).
Fittings
 Fittings
Fittings used in sprinkler systems shall meet or exceed
the standards in Table 3 or be in accordance with table 4.
 Fittings

Fitting Pressure Limits.

Standard weight pattern cast-iron fittings 2 in. (51 mm) in size and smaller
shall be permitted where pressures do not exceed 300 psi (20.7 bar).

Standard weight pattern malleable iron fittings 6 in. (152 mm) in size and
smaller shall be permitted where pressures do not exceed 300 psi (20.7 bar).

Listed fittings shall be permitted for system pressures up to the limits

specified in their listings.

Fittings not meeting the requirements of 6.4.4.1 through 6.4.4.3 shall be

extra-heavy pattern where pressures exceed 175 psi (12.1 bar).
 Joining of Pipe and Fittings

Threaded Pipe and Fittings

Groove Joining Methods
Weld joining Method
 Hangers
Hangers certified by a registered professional engineer to include all of the
following shall be an acceptable alternative to the requirements of Section.

1. Hangers shall be designed to support five times the weight of the water-
filled pipe plus 250 lb (114 kg) at each point of piping support.

2. These points of support shall be adequate to support the system.

3. The spacing between hangers shall not exceed the value given for the type
of pipe as indicated in Table 9.2.2.1.

4. Hanger components shall be ferrous.

5. Detailed calculations shall be submitted, when required by the reviewing

authority, showing stresses developed in hangers, piping, and fittings and
safety factors allowed.
Hangers
Hangers Types
 Pipes Network Types
Loop Networks
Covering area more than other two types

Grid Networks
Used in open space

Tree Networks
Reducing the cost but increase fittings,