Communicative Competence

COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING

THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN LANGUAGE

TEACHING:
>A response to criticisms of noam chomsky
against structural linguistics.
> British linguists like Candlin, Widdowson, Firth,
Halliday, et. al, saw the need to focus on
communicative proficiency rather than mastery of
structures.
FINNOCCHIARRIO & BRUMFIT (1983, 1991-
1993): COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE
TEACHING, LANGUAGE LEARNING MEANS:
1. LEARNING TO COMMUNICATE.
2. ATTEMPTS TO COMMUNICATE MAY BE
ENCOURAGED FROM THE BEGINNING.
3. READING AND WRITING CAN START FROM
THE FIRST DAY, IF DESIRED.
4. SEQUENCING IS DETERMINED BY ANY
CONSIDERATION OF CONTENT, FUNCTIONS
OR MEANING WHICH MAINTAINS INTEREST.

5. LANGUAGE IS CREATED BY THE INDIVIDUAL

OFTEN THROUGH TRIAL AND ERROR.
6. STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO
INTERACT WITH OTHER PEOPLE
THROUGH PAIR AND GROUP WORK OR
IN WRITING.

7. MISTAKES ARE CONSIDERED A

NECESSARY AND NATURAL
PHENOMENON AND A FEATURE OF THE
LEARNER AS SHE/HE PROGRESSES IN
THE SECOND LANGUAGE.
 Communicative Competence in
Language Teaching and Learning
CLASSROOM MODEL: THE INTEGRATION AND
INTERACTION OF FOUR COMPETENCES
(SAVIGNON 1983):
GRAMMATICAL
DISCOURSE
SOCIOCULTURAL
STRATEGIC
 Grammatical competence is degree to which the
language user has mastered the linguistic code.
Sociolinguistic competence is the extent to which
utterances can be used or understood appropriately
in various social contexts.
Discourse competence is the ability to combine
ideas to achieve cohesion in form and coherence in
thought.
Strategic competence is the ability to use strategies
like gestures or talking around an unknown word
in order to overcome limitations in language
knowledge.
 Grammatical Competence

CCLTL:
1. Grammar rules and rhetoric
2. Pronunciation and spelling rules
3. Word formation
4. Sentence formation
5. Associating/elaborating
Grammatical competence continued
6. Placing new words into context
8. Using key words
9. Structured reviewing
10. Grammatical competence demonstrated
not by stating a rule but by using a rule in the
interpretation, expression, or negotiation of
meaning.
 Discourse Competence
CCLTL
1. Recognizing and using formula
patterns
2. Recombining
3. Practicing naturalistically
4. Getting ideas
5. Using resources for receiving messages
6. Reasoning deductively
CCLTL
7. Analyzing expressions
8. Translating
9. Transferring
10. Taking notes
11. Summarizing
12. Organizing related ideas into
paragraphs
 Sociolinguistic Competence
CCLTL
1. Developing cultural understanding
2. Becoming aware of others thoughts
and
feelings
3. Cooperating with proficient users of
new
language
 Strategic Competence
CCLTL
1. Word association
2. Using mime and gestures
3. Selecting the topic
4. Adjusting or approximating the
message
5. Coining words
6. Translation
CCLTL
7. Using circumlocution or synonyms
8. Self-monitoring
9. Self-evaluating
10. Using linguistic clues
11. Using other clues
12. Using physical response or sensation