ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

Medina Bendez, Diego

 What is dementia?
Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability
severe enough to interfere with daily life

Memory
Communication and language
Ability to focus and pay attention
Reasoning and judgment
Visual perception

Causes?
 Alzheimers disease (AD)
CAUSES

EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER DISEASE (10%) LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER DISEASE (90%)

Mutations in the three genes: Several genetic factors (APOE 4 gene)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) Environmental and epigenetic influences
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1)
Presenilin 2 (PSEN2)
Evaluation of neuropathologic changes and correlation with clinical, neuropsychological,
neuroimaging, and other laboratory data:

Neural damage
and death

Inflamation?
Toxicity?

Tau protein
Amyloid beta
8 20 years
Signs and symptoms
 Diagnosis and tests
Definitive diagnosis: histopathological examination

But the combination of clinical evaluation and modern radiological methods allows a precise diagnosis to be
established in up to 80-90% of cases

Evaluation of signs and symptoms

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET)

Neuropsychological tests
 Treatment
DRUGS

Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine

Memantine
Vitamin E
Antidepressants

CARE AND
SUPPORT
 Prevention
Physical exercise Cognitive training Antihypertensive therapy

Dietary modifications

Less alcohol Mediterranean diet Omega-3 fatty acids

Vitamin supplementation
 Update information

Biomarkers

Surez-Revelo, Jazmin X., Ochoa-Gmez, John F., Duque-Grajales, Jon E., & Tobn-Quintero, Carlos A.. (2016). Biomarkers identification in Alzheimer's disease using effective
connectivity analysis from electroencephalography recordings. Ingeniera e Investigacin, 36(3), 50-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v36n3.54037
Information sources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29037228

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathology-and-pathogenesis-of-alzheimer-
disease?source=search_result&search=alzheimer&selectedTitle=2~150

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-
dementia?source=search_result&search=alzheimer&selectedTitle=7~150#H267642324

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-alzheimer-
disease?source=search_result&search=alzheimer&selectedTitle=1~150#H406207357https://www.uptodate.com/c
ontents/treatment-of-dementia?source=search_result&search=alzheimer&selectedTitle=4~150

KUMAR, V., A. K. ABBAS, N. FAUSTO y J. C. ASTER. Robbins and Cotran -Structural and functional pathology. Ed.
Elsevier, 8 ed., 1464 pgs., 2010.

https://www.alz.org/