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FDD LTE Key Performance Indicators

Description Guide

CDMA & FDD LTE Product Support Department

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Learning Objectives

After having learned this training course, you should

be able to understand:
Basic knowledge of FDD LTE KPIs
Categories of FDD LTE KPIs
Formulas of FDD LTE KPIs
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Contents

Basic Knowledge of FDD LTE KPIs

FDD LTE eNodeB KPIs

FDD LTE Network KPIs

Other FDD LTE KPIs
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References

Counters, Definitions, and Numbering Conventions

For more information, refer to the NetNumen M31(LTE) NE Management System

eNodeB Performance Counter Reference at the following URL:

http://tsm.zte.com.cn/tsm/FileCenter/File.aspx?Mode=read&FileID=30341574

Formulas

For more information, refer to the NetNumen M31(LTE) NE Management System

eNodeB Key Performance Indicator Reference at the following URL:

http://tsm.zte.com.cn/tsm/FileCenter/File.aspx?Mode=read&FileID=30341576
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Counter Example

Counter

Counter
Measurement Measurement Measurement
Counter Name Sequence
Object Number Type
Number
Statistics of RRC Number of Successful mt-
Cell Type 37320 Connection Access RRC Connection C373200000
Establishment Establishment

Example
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Counter Structure

Measurement
Object Measurement
ID: 780-799
Type
Counter KPI/PI
Cell Type ID: 373320-373399
eNodeB Type
eNodeB IP Link Statistics of RRC ID: C + Measurement KPI ID: 310500-310799
Type connection Type Number +
Cell Pair Type establishment XXX RRC connection
Statistics of E-RAB establishment
Statistics of time Number of success rate
Type of a cell pair successful mt- Other
Other Access RRC
connection
establishment
Number of PI ID: 310500-310799
unsuccessful mt-
Access RRC
connection Paging congestion
establishment rate
(timer timeout) Other
Other
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Reporting Procedure

This reporting procedure is described as follows:

Step 1 The RNLC subsystem reports data to the OAM using the event-triggered reporting mechanism.
Step 2 The CMAC, RNLU, BRS, or OSS subsystem reports data to the OAM every 10 seconds.
Step 3 The OAM synchronizes data with the OMC for each measurement object every 15 minutes.
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KPI Overview
Description
Mobile subscriber (Serviceability + Reliability): An FDD LTE can provide a
mobile subscriber with high-quality, reliable, and long-term services.
Mobile operator (Serviceability + Reliability + Traffic): An FDD LTE can provide
as many mobile subscribers as possible with high-quality, reliable, and long-
term services.

Dependency
System performance: UE + eNodeB + Transport + EPC
Applicable environments: Bandwidth configuration, radio access, mobility
speed, service type, and so on

Categories
FDD LTE eNodeB KPIs
FDD LTE Network KPIs
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Contents

Basic Knowledge of FDD LTE KPIs

FDD LTE eNodeB KPIs

FDD LTE Network KPIs

Other FDD LTE KPIs
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FDD LTE eNodeB KPIs

Latency
C-Plane Latency
U-Plane Latency

Throughput (Mono-UE)
Peak UE Data Rate
Average UE Data Rate
Cell Edge UE Data Rate

Cell Capacity (Multi-UE)

Peak Cell Throughput
Average Cell Throughput
Cell-Edge UE Throughput
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U-Plane Latency
Round Trip Time

Combined EPC Application Server

eNodeB

UE
ping

Measured Round Trip Time

Dependency

Radio frequency: Under cell, mid-cell, and cell edge

Neighbor cell loading: Unloaded and loaded

Scheduling algorithm: Pre-scheduled and non-scheduled

Ping size: 32 B, 1000 B, and 1500 B

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C-Plane Latency
State Transition Time

Signaling Procedure
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Throughput (Mono-UE)
Peak UE Data Rate

Transmission E.g. Gateways,

Routers,
Firewalls

Terminal BS Application Server

at NGMN network edge
DownlinkorUplinkDataStream

Assumption

Loading: Single cell, unloaded

UE speed: Stationary mode

Location: Under cell (good RF conditions)

MIMO configuration: DL 2*2 MIMO, UL 1*2 SIMO

Dependency

Operating bandwidth

UE category

UE UL/DL RB limitation
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Throughput (Mono-UE)
Average UE Data Rate

Assumption

MIMO configuration: DL 2*2 MIMO, UL 1*2 SIMO

Loading: 1 UE in the serving cell, neighbor cell loaded

UE speed: Stationary mode

Location: Uniformly-distributed locations over the signal quality range

Dependency

Operating bandwidth

UE category

UE UL/DL RB limitation

UE distribution in each signal range

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Throughput (Mono-UE)
Cell-Edge UE Data Rate

Assumption

MIMO configuration: DL 2*2 MIMO, UL 1*2 SIMO

Loading: 1 UE in the serving cell, neighbor cell loaded

UE speed: Stationary mode

Location: Cell edge

Dependency

Operating bandwidth

UE category

UE UL/DL RB limitation

UE SINR at the cell edge

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Throughput (Multi-UE)
Peak Cell Throughput

Assumption

MIMO configuration: DL 2*2 MIMO, UL 1*2 SIMO

Loading: Multiple cells, loaded (70%)

UE Speed: Stationary mode

Location: Good RF conditions

Dependency

UE category: TBS limitation, 64QAM in UL

UE UL/DL RB limitation

Environment: Dense urban, urban, suburban, and rural

Scheduling algorithm
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Throughput (Multi-UE)
Average Cell Throughput

Typical UE Distribution Model

Assumption

MIMO configuration: DL 2*2 MIMO, UL 1*2 SIMO

Loading: Multiple cells, loaded

UE speed: Stationary Mode

Location: Uniformly-distributed over the signal quality range

Dependency

UE category (TBS limitation, 64QAM in UL)

UE UL/DL RB limitation

UE distribution in each signal range, scheduling algorithm

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Throughput (Multi-UE)
Cell-Edge UE Throughput

Assumption

MIMO configuration: DL 2*2 MIMO, UL 1*2 SIMO

Loading: Multiple cells, loaded (70%)

UE speed: Stationary mode

Location: Cell edge

Dependency

UE category (TBS limitation, 64QAM in UL)

UE UL/DL RB limitation

Environment: Dense urban, urban, suburban, and rural

Scheduling algorithm

UE SINR at the cell edge

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Contents

Basic Knowledge of FDD LTE KPIs

FDD LTE eNodeB KPIs

FDD LTE Network KPIs

Other FDD LTE KPIs
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FDD LTE Network KPIs

Accessibility
RRC Establishment Success Rate
E-RAB Setup Success Rate

Retainability
E-RAB Drop Rate

Mobility
Handover Success Rate

Availability
Cell Availability

Integrity
Packet Loss Rate
DL PDCP SDU Latency
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Accessibility
Theoretical limit: 100% Accessibility
(Category)
Ideal value in a commercial network: > 98%

Initial E-RAB Attach Success Rate Detach Success Rate

Accessibility

KPI RRC Connection

S1-SIG Establish Initial E-RAB Setup
RRC
Setup Re-Establishment
Success Rate Success Rate
Success Rate Success Rate

Added E-RAB Paging Success Rate

Accessibility

Air Interface

RRC Connection Added E-RAB Contention-Based Contention-Free

S1-SIG Establish UE Context Setup
Setup Setup PRACH PRACH
Success Rate Success Rate
Success Rate Success Rate Performance Performance

KPI E-RAB Setup E-RAB Block Rate

Success Rate (per QCI)

Call Setup Success

Rate, Call Barring Rate
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RRC Establishment Success Rate

Description

This KPI shows the probability for a subscriber to be provided with an RRC
connection upon request.

Signaling Procedure

3
Formula
RRC Establishment Success Rate = Number of successful RRC connection
establishment / (Number of successful RRC connection establishment + Number of
failed RRC connection establishment) * 100%
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E-RAB Setup Success Rate

Description

This KPI shows the probability for a subscriber to be provided with an E-RAB request
including initial and added context setup procedures.

Signaling Procedure

eNB MME eNB MME

INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST E-RAB SETUP REQUEST

1 3

INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE E-RAB SETUP RESPONSE

2 4

Formula

E-RAB Setup Success Rate = (Number of successful initial E-RAB + Number of successful ad
ded E-RAB establishment) / (Number of successful initial E-RAB establishment + Number of f
ailed initial E-RAB establishment + Number of successful added E-RAB establishment + Num
ber of failed added E-RAB establishment) * 100%
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Retainability
Theoretical limit: 0%
Ideal value in a commercial network: < 2%

Retainability
(Category)

KPI
UE E-RAB E-RAB Drop
UE E-RAB RRC Drop Rate Active E-RAB
Retainability Rate
Retainability Drop Rate
Per QCI (Per QCI)
How Often Percentage

E-RAB UL Data E-RAB DL Data

E-RAB Duration
Volume Volume
Time per QCI Drop
Per QCI Drop Per QCI Drop
QoS Before Drop
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E-RAB Drop Rate

Description
This KPI shows the probability for an a subscriber to loss the E-RAB, such as an event b
eing released by the eNodeB due to overload control.

Signaling Procedure
E-RAB Released by the eNodeB))

eNB MME

E-RAB RELEASE INDICATION

1

Formula
E-RAB Drop Rate = Number of Abnormally Released E-RAB / Number of Successfully
Established E-RAB * 100%
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Mobility
Successful Handover Categories

Intra-Freq Intra-Freq Inter-Freq Inter-Freq LTE to UMTS UMTS to LTE LTE to GSM GSM to LTE
Intra-eNodeB Inter-eNodeB Inter-eNodeB Intra-eNodeB

Inter- RAT HO Success Rate

X2 Based HO S1 Based HO

All Incoming HO All Outgoing HO

Per Cell Per Cell
Contention Based Contention Free
HO HO

Intra-RAT HO Success Rate

All Incoming HO All Outgoing HO
Per Cell Pair Per Cell Pair

Troubleshooting
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Mobility
Handover

Handover Preparation Success Rate

Theoretical limit: 100%

Ideal value in a commercial network 99%

(Step 4 Step 6)

Handover Execution Success Rate

Theoretical limit: 100%

Ideal value in a commercial network: 98%

HO In: Step 6 Step 11

HO Out: Step 7 Step 17

Mobility Success Rate

Theoretical limit: 100%

Ideal value in a commercial network: 97%

MobilitySR HO. Pr eparationSR HO.ExecutionSR
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Handover Preparation and Execution

Handover Start Point Stop Point

Outgoing handover The source eNodeB decides to perform a The source eNodeB sends the RRC
preparation handover. Connection Reconfiguration message to the
UE.

Outgoing handover The source eNodeB sends the RRC The source eNodeB receives the UE Context
execution Connection Reconfiguration message to Release message from the destination
the UE. eNodeB.

Incoming handover The destination eNodeB receives the The destination eNodeB returns the Handover
preparation Handover Request message from the Response message to the source eNodeB.
source eNodeB.

Incoming handover The destination eNodeB receives the The destination eNodeB sends the UE Context
execution RRC Connection Reconfiguration Release message to the source eNodeB.
Complete message from the UE.
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Cell Handover and Cell Pair Handover

The outgoing handover preparation success rate for each handover pair measures the hando
ver preparation from the serving cell to a certain neighbor cell. Here are two typical examples:

In the event of the handover from cell A to cell B, the Intra-eNodeB Intra-freq Outgoing
Handover Preparation Success Rate per Cell pair is measured in cell A.

In the event of the handover from cell B to cell A, the Intra-eNodeB Intra-freq Outgoing
Handover Preparation Success Rate per Cell pair is measured in cell B.

The outgoing handover success rate contains all outgoing handover preparation successes fr
om the serving cell to all neighbor cells.

The measurement of these two KPIs can facilitate us in sifting two cells that suffer most hando
ver preparation failures, performing neighbor cell optimization, and even deleting unusable nei
ghbor cells.
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Intra-eNodeB Handover Success Rate

Description

The intra-eNodeB handover success rate measures the service continuity when a subscr
iber is on the move. This KPI is perceptible to the subscribers, depending on system han
dover processing capabilities and network planning.

Formulas

Intra-frequency handover success rate = Number of intra-frequency handover succes

ses / Number of intra-frequency handover requests * 100%

Inter-frequency handover success rate = Number of inter-frequency handover succes

ses / Number of inter-frequency handover requests * 100%
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Intra-eNodeB Handover Success Rate

Note:
If the eNodeB receives the RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete message in step
4, it indicates that the handover is successful.
If the eNodeB receives the RRC Connection Reestablishment Request message in step
6, it indicates that the handover is unsuccessful.
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Inter-eNodeB X2-Interface Handover Success Rate

Description
The inter-eNodeB X2-interface handover success rate measures the handover successes when the U
E moves between the eNodeBs over the X2 interface. This KPI is perceptible to the subscribers being
on the move, depending on system handover processing capabilities and network planning.

Formulas
Outgoing intra-frequency X2-interface handover success rate = Number of outgoing intra-freque
ncy X2-interface handover successes / Number of outgoing intra-frequency X2-interface handov
er attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Incoming intra-frequency X2-interface handover success rate = Number of incoming intra-freque
ncy X2-interface handover successes / Number of incoming intra-frequency X2-interface handov
er attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Outgoing inter-frequency X2-interface handover success rate = Number of outgoing inter-freque
ncy X2-interface handover successes / Number of outgoing inter-frequency X2-interface handov
er attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Incoming inter-frequency X2-interface handover success rate = Number of incoming inter-freque
ncy X2-interface handover successes / Number of incoming inter-frequency X2-interface handov
er attempts (serving cell) * 100%
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Inter-eNodeB X2-Interface Handover Success Rate

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Inter-eNodeB S1-Interface Handover Success Rate

Description
When the eNodeB decides to perform a handover according to the UE measurement report and me
anwhile the destination cell is not connected to the eNodeB through the X2 interface, the inter-eNod
eB S1-interface handover success rate measures the S1-interface handover performed through the
EPC. This KPI is perceptible to the subscribers being on the move, depending on system handover
processing capabilities and network planning.

Formulas
Outgoing intra-frequency S1-interface handover success rate = Number of outgoing intra-freque
ncy S1-interface handover successes / Number of outgoing intra-frequency S1-interface hando
ver attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Incoming intra-frequency S1-interface handover success rate = Number of incoming intra-frequ
ency S1-interface handover successes / Number of incoming intra-frequency S1-interface hand
over attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Outgoing inter-frequency S1-interface handover success rate = Number of outgoing inter-frequ
ency S1-interface handover successes / Number of outgoing inter-frequency S1-interface hand
over attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Incoming inter-frequency S1-interface handover success rate = Number of incoming inter-frequ
ency S1-interface handover successes / Number of incoming inter-frequency S1-interface hand
over attempts (serving cell) * 100%
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Inter-eNodeB S1-Interface Handover Success Rate

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Inter-System Handover Success Rate

The inter-system handover success rate consists of both incoming and outgoing handover between the LTE network and t
he CDMA network, between the LTE network and the UMTS network, between the LTE network and the GSM network. Thi
s example shows a handover from the CDMA network to the LTE network.
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Availability
Availability

Cell availability Important and

Theoretical limit: 100% Demanding
Ideal value in a commercial network: > 99.995%

measurement_period - RRU.CellUnavailableTime.[cause]
CellAvaila bility cause
100
measurement _ period
Dependency

Software + Hardware

Unavailable Time = Unplanned downtime only (excluding planned downtime)

Physical meaning

365 * 24 * 60 * (1-99.995%) = 26.28 min cell out-of-service time

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Cell Availability
Description
The cell availability measures the ratio of in-service time to measurement granularity time. The in-
service time indicates the time interval between cell establishment and cell deletion. By counting the
cell in-service time, this KPI forms a foundation for analyzing system failures and measuring system
stability.

Signaling Procedure

Formulas
Cell Availability = In-Service Time / Measurement Granularity Time
Cell Availability = C373230700 / Measurement Granularity Time * 100%
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Integrity
UL/DL Packet Loss Rate QCI Resour Priority Packet Packet Example Services
ce Latency Error
DL PDCP SDU Latency Type Budget Loss
(NOTE1) Rate
(NOTE
2)

1 2 100 ms 10-2 Conversational Voice

(NOTE 3)

2 4 150 ms 10-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)

(NOTE 3) GBR

3 3 50 ms 10-3 Real Time Gaming

(NOTE 3)

4 5 300 ms 10-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)

(NOTE 3)

5 1 100 ms 10-6 IMS Signalling

(NOTE 3)

6 Video (Buffered Streaming)

(NOTE 4) 6 300 ms 10-6 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
sharing, progressive video, etc.)

7 Non- Voice,
(NOTE 3) GBR 7 100 ms 10-3 Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming

8
(NOTE 5) 8 Video (Buffered Streaming)
300 ms 10-6 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file

9 9 File sharing, progressive video, etc.

(NOTE 6)
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Downlink PDCP SDU Latency

Description

This KPI indicates average downlink PDCP SDU latency based on the QCI type, from the tim
e when a PDCP SDU reaches the eNodeB, to the time when the UE receives this PDCP SD
U, that is to say, all fragments of this PDCP SDU receives a successful HARQ response.

Signaling Procedure

Formula
Average Downlink PDCP SDU Latency = Total Latency of All PDCP SDUs / Number of All PD
CP SDUs
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Downlink IP Packet Latency

Description

This KPI indicates average downlink IP packet latency, from the time when the eNodeB recei
ves the IP packet through the S1 or X2 interface, to the time when the first fragment of this IP
packet is transmitted by the eNodeB through the air interface. It measures the time interval a
t which the service is processed by the eNodeB, which forms a strong foundation for network
optimization.

Signaling Procedure

Formula
Average Downlink IP Packet Latency (QCI 1 9) = Total Downlink IP Packet Latency (QCI 1
9 ) / Number of All PDCP SDUs (Downlink QCI 1 9)
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Uplink/Downlink Packet Loss Rate

Description
This KPI measures the ratio of discarded PDCP SDUs to received PDCP SDUs
due to the timeout of the TimeDisCard timer, when no, partial, or all fragments are transmitted
through the eNodeB or air interface. It should be noted that PDCP SDUs vary
from QCI to QCI (1 9), from uplink to downlink.

Counters
Number of All PDCP SDUs
Uplink: When the PDCP layer of the eNodeB receives the PDCP SDU
from the UE, this counter is incremented by 1.
Downlink: When the PDCP layer of the eNodeB sends the PDCP SDU
to the RLC layer, this counter is incremented by 1.

Number of Discarded PDCP SDUs

Uplink: When the PDCP layer of the eNodeB receives the PDCP SDU
from the UE, the SN is not consecutive.
Downlink: When the PDCP layer of the eNodeB sends the PDCP SDU
to the RLC layer, the SN is not consecutive.

Formula
Air Interface or eNodeB Packet Loss Rate = Number of Discarded Packets
over the Air Interface or eNodeB / Number of All Packets over the Air Interface or eNodeB
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Contents

Basic Knowledge of FDD LTE KPIs

FDD LTE eNodeB KPIs

FDD LTE Network KPIs

Other FDD LTE KPIs
 Internal Use Only

Traffic Type - Number of RRC Connections

Description

This KPI counts the number of RRC connections, which is used to measure the UE access to the system for
call hold. It involves the following two counters:
Average number of RRC connections
Maximum number of RRC connections.

Signaling Procedure
When the eNodeB receives the RRC Establishment Complete message, the number of RRC connections
is incremented by 1.

When the eNodeB triggers the RRC establishment successfully due to the handover, the number of RRC
connections is incremented by 1.

When the eNodeB releases the RRC connection, the number of RRC connections is decremented by 1.

When the eNodeB reestablishes the RRC connection in another cell, the number of RRC connections is d
ecremented by 1.

When the eNodeB reestablishes the RRC connection back to the serving cell, the number of RRC connec
tions is incremented by 1.

Formulas
Maximum Number of RRC Connections (Sampling Counter)
Average Number of RRC Connections (Sampling Counter)
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Traffic Type Average Number of QCI-Based UEs

Description

This KPI measures the average number of E-RAB connections, which evaluates network traffic. It s
hould be noted that this KPI varies from QCI to QCI.

Signaling Procedure (Sampling Counter)

Initial E-RAB establishment success
Added E-RAB establishment success
Incoming E-RAB handover success
Incoming E-RAB modification success (changing the new QCI to the old QCI)
Outgoing E-RAB handover success
Outgoing E-RAB modification success (changing the old QCI to the new QCI)
E-RAB release

Formula

This KPI is counted by averaging the measured values of all sampling points within a specific measu
rement cycle.
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Traffic Type Number of Activated QCI-Based UEs

Description
This KPI counts the number of UEs in the cache during a specified time period. It can be
measured based on a specific QCI, uplink or downlink, average number or maximum nu
mber.

This KPI indicates the number of in-service UEs in the system, which forms a foundation
for evaluating system capacity and capabilities.

Signaling Procedure
N/A

Formula
This KPI is counted when any data is present in the E-RAB cache of QCI i every samplin
g cycle (100 ms), as defined in the 3GPP TS.
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Resource Allocation
Cell & System Resources
(Category)

Total UL PDCCH Usage

PRB Usage

UL -C PRB Usage UL -U PRB Usage PRACH Usage PRACH PRACH

Propagation Delay Message Load

UL PRB Usage Paging

per QCI Congestion Rate

Total D L Avg CPU Load Avg DSP Load

PRB Usage

DL -U PRB Usage Avg DL

DL -C PRB Usage
Transmission Power

Avg UL
DL PRB Usage
Interference
per QCI
Per PRB
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