Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. anticipated needs
2. available resources
4
2. PROVISION OF LOGISTICS
The emergency response begins with the preparation of
equipment and personnel before any emergency occurs.
5
GETTING STARTED
3. INITIAL RESPONSE
a. A =Ask for HELP.
b. I = Intervene
c. D = Do no further harm.
4. INSTRUCTION TO BY-STANDERS
Proper information and
instruction to by- stander/s
would provide:
-WHAT happened?
-LOCATION?
-NUMBER of Persons Injured?
-EXTENT of Injury
-The TELEPHONE no. from where you are calling?
-PERSON who activated Medical Assistance must identify him/herself and drop
the phone last.
SL.ppt/TR/FC7
For sudden collapse in victim of all ages, the lone rescuer should
For unresponsive victim of all ages with likely asphyxial arrest (e.g.
drowning) the HCP should
SL.ppt/TR/FC9
4. DO A SECONDARY ASSESMENT OF THE VICTIM
It is a systematic method of gathering additional information about injuries or
conditions that may need care.
a. Interview the victim
S- signs and symptoms
A - allergies
M - medications
P - past medical history
L - last meal taken
E - events prior to injury or incident
D- deformity
C- contusion
A- abrasion
P- punctures
B- burn
T- tenderness
L- laceration
S- swelling
SL.ppt/TR/FC12
5. REFERRAL OF THE VICTIM FOR FURTHER
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT
It refers to the transfer of a victim to hospital or health
care facility if necessary for a definitive treatment.
SL.ppt/TR/FC13
1. Do obtain consent when possible
2. Do think of the worst
3. Do remember to identify yourself
4. Do provide comfort and emotional support
DOs 5. Do respect the victim( modesty and privacy)
6. Do be as calm and direct as possible
7. Do care for the most serious injuries first
8. Do assist the victim on medication
9. Do keep on lookers away from the injured person
10. Do handle the victim to a minimum
11. Do loosen tight clothing
1. Do not let the victim see his/her injuries
2. Do not leave the victim alone except to get
help
DONTS
3. Do not assume that the victims obvious
injuries are the only one
4. Do not make any unrealistic promises
5. Do not trust the judgment of a confused
person
SL.ppt/TR/FC15
BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION (BSI)
Are precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk
of exposure from any other type of bodily substance
using personal protective equipment (PPE).
21
Basic Precautions and Practices
SL.ppt/TR/FC 28 22
Were we able to:
SL.ppt/TR/FC 2 25
Module 2: Introduction to B L S
Cont of OBJECTIVES:
SL.ppt/TR/FC 3 26
Module 2: Basic Life Support
THREE KINDS OF LIFE SUPPORT
1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)
28
Module 2: BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
THREE KINDS OF LIFE SUPPORT
SL.ppt/TR/FC 6 29
Adult Chain of Survival
1 2 3 4 5
Immediate Early Rapid Advance Post-Cardiac
Recognition CPR Defibrillation Life Arrest Care
and Support
Activation
30
FIVE LINKS for ADULT VICTIMS
1. The First Link: Immediate Recognition and Activation
It is the event initiated after the patients collapse until the arrival of Emergency
Medical Services personnel prepared to provide care.
2. The Second Link: EARLY CPR
It is most effective when started immediately after the victims collapse. The
probability of survival approximately doubles when it is initiated before the arrival
of EMS.
3. The Third Link: Rapid DEFIBRILLATION
It is most likely to improve survival. It is the key intervention to increase the chances
of survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
4. The Fourth Link: ACLS
Provided by highly trained personnel like paramedics.
5. The Fifth Link: Post Cardiac Arrest Care
31
Pediatric Chain of Survival
1 2 3 4 5
Safety Early Activate Advance Post-Cardiac
of Rescuer CPR Emergency Life Arrest Care
and Victim Response Support
System
SL.ppt/TR/FC 9 32
Each link in the PEDIATRIC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL must be strong to maximize survival
and a neurologically intact outcome after life threatening cardiovascular emergencies
SL.ppt/TR/FC 10 33
Each link in the PEDIATRIC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL must be strong to maximize
survival and a neurologically intact outcome after life threatening cardiovascular
emergencies
3. The Third Link: RAPID ACTIVATION OF THE EMS (OR OTHER EMERGENCY
RESPONSE) SYSTEM
It is most likely to improve survival. It is the key intervention to increase the chances
of survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 11 34
ANATOMICAL TERMS
(Position, direction and location of a body part)
SL.ppt/TR/FC 12 3535
ANATOMICAL TERMS
(Position, direction and location)
SL.ppt/TR/FC 13 36
BODY REGIONS
1. Cranial Cavity 4. Abdominal Cavity
Brain Liver Stomach
Pancreas Kidney
Intestines Spleen
2. Spinal Cavity
Spinal Cord
5. Pelvic Cavity
3. Thoracic Cavity Bladder
Lungs Rectum
Heart Reproductive organs
SL.ppt/TR/FC 15 37
Systems of the Human Body:
* Respiratory System
* Circulatory System
* Nervous System
* Integumentary System
* Digestive System
* Excretory System
* Reproductive System
* Musculo-skeletal System
SL.ppt/TR/FC 16 38
BODY SYSTEMS
SL.ppt/TR/FC 17 39
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
SL.ppt/TR/FC 21 40
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Diaphragm is the thin layer of muscle that separates the chest cavity containing the lungs and
heart from the abdominal cavity containing the intestines and digestive organs.
Trachea (windpipe ) is a tube extending from below the voice box into the chest where it splits
into two branches, the bronchi, that lead to each lung.
41
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
42
Superior vena cava
(oxygen-poor blood
from head and upper
body
blood.
Right ventricle
SL.ppt/TR/FC 23 43
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Circulation
SL.ppt/TR/FC 24 44
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
*Clinical death
0 - 1 min. - cardiac irritability
1 - 4 min. - brain damaged not likely
4 - 6 min. - brain damage possible
*Biological death
6 - 10 min. - brain damaged very likely
over 10 min. - irreversible brain damaged
SL.ppt/TR/FC 25 45
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
SL.ppt/TR/FC 26 46
1. Risk Factors that cannot be changed
Heredity
Age
Gender
SL.ppt/TR/FC 19 4747
2 . Risk Factors that can be changed:
Cigarette smoking
Hypertension
Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels
Lack of exercises
Obesity
Stress
Diabetes mellitus
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 4848
HEART ATTACK ( Myocardial Infarction)
SL.ppt/TR/FC 21 4949
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HEART ATTACK
1. Chest Discomfort
2. Sweating
3. Nausea
4. Shortness of Breath
5. Pain radiating to the lower jaw, arms,
epigastric area, or back
6. Sudden fainting
SL.ppt/TR/FC 22 5050
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF HEART ATTACK
SL.ppt/TR/FC 23 5151
Module
BLS for HCP 3
Respiratory Arrest and
Rescue Breathing
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 52
Module 3: Respiratory Arrest and Rescue
Breathing
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, participants shall be able to:
1. Describe what is respiratory arrest.
2. Identify the causes of respiratory arrest.
3. Describe the ways in ventilating the lungs.
4. Demonstrate how to provide rescue breathing for an adult,
child, & infant who show signs of circulation but has
inadequate or not breathing.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 37 5353
Is the condition in which breathing stops or is inadequate.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 38 5454
1. Obstruction
Anatomical
Mechanical
2. Diseases
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
COPD
SL.ppt/TR/FC 39 5555
3. Other causes
Electrocution
Circulatory Collapse
Strangulation
Chest Compression ( by other physical force )
Drowning
Poisoning
Suffocation
SL.ppt/TR/FC 40 5656
Jaw - thrust maneuver
SL.ppt/TR/FC 43 5757
1. Mouth-to- 2. Mouth-
Mouth to-Nose
3. Mouth-to-Mouth
and Nose 4. Mouth-to-
Stoma
SL.ppt/TR/FC 41 5858
5. Mouth-to- 6. Mouth-to-
Face Shield Mask
7. Bag Mask
Device
SL.ppt/TR/FC 42 5959
Checking for breathing
SL.ppt/TR/FC 44 61
Ventilation With an Advanced
Airway
When the victim has an advanced airway in place during
CPR, rescuers no longer deliver cycles of 30
compressions and 2 breaths (ie, they no longer interrupt
compressions to deliver 2 breaths).
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 64
Module 4: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
OBJECTIVES:
SL.ppt/TR/FC 2 65
CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)
67
DO NOT START CPR
68
WHEN TO STOP CPR
All rescuers who have started resuscitation
procedures should continue to do so unless:
69
WHEN TO STOP CPR
All rescuers who have started resuscitation
procedures should continue to do so unless:
3. Recognition of reliable criteria indicating
irreversible death (Physician).
4. Rescuer is unable to continue resuscitation
due to exhaustion, the scene is no longer
safe, or when continued resuscitation may
place other lives at risk.
5. Presentation of a valid DNAR order to the
rescuer.
70
CARDIAC ARREST
What do we do?
71
SL.ppt/TR/FC 31
72
SL.ppt/TR/FC10
The C-A-Bs
Jaw-Thrust
Maneuver is strictly
a Healthcare
Provider technique.
Not for Lay
Rescuers.
3. Mouth-to-Mouth
and Nose 4. Mouth-to-
Stoma
SL.ppt/TR/FC 41 81
5. Mouth-to- 6. Mouth-to-
Face Shield Mask
7. Bag Valve
Mask Device
SL.ppt/TR/FC 42 82
SL.ppt/TR/FC 31
83
SL.ppt/TR/FC10
CPR: Putting It Together
Ratio:30 compressions/2 breaths
Rate: Approx: 100 compressions per
minute
Depth: 1.5-2 inches
Cycles: 1 cycle = 30 compressions and 2
breaths
Five cycles should take no more than 2
minutes
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 90
INFANT 1- AND 2-Rescuer CPR
7. B-BREATHING Give 2 breaths with
visible chest rise
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 91
INFANT 1- AND 2-Rescuer CPR
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 92
When to STOP :
S - SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are
restored
T -TURNED over to medical services or
properly trained and authorized personnel
O - OPERATOR is already exhausted and
cannot continue CPR
P - PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility
(declares death, takes over, etc.)
S SCENE becomes unsafe (such as traffic,
impending or ongoing violencegun fires,
etc)
S SIGNED waiver to stop CPR
Alternative CPR
Compression-only CPR:
Cough CPR
SL.ppt/TR/FC 2 105
BLSModule
for HCP
5
Foreign Body Airway
Obstruction Management
106
Module 5: Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
Management
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, participants shall be able to
effectively:
SL.ppt/TR/FC 45 107
5. Demonstrate proper application of abdominal thrust to
conscious and unconscious adult and child
6. Demonstrate back slap and chest thrust to a conscious and
unconscious infant
7. Demonstrate self administration of abdominal thrust.
8. Demonstrate the proper technique of abdominal thrust
under special circumstances as in pregnant women, and
obese victim.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 108
- is a condition when solid material like
chunked foods, coins, vomitus, small toys
etc. are blocking the airway.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 109
1. IMPROPER CHEWING OF LARGE PIECES OF FOOD
2. EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL INTAKE
a. relaxation of tongue back into the throat
b. Aspirated vomitus (stomach content)
3. PRESENCE OF LOOSE UPPER AND LOWER DENTURES
4. FOR CHILDREN WHO ARE RUNNING WHILE EATING
5. FOR SMALLER CHILDREN OF HAND-TO-MOUTH STAGE LEFT UNATTENDED.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 46 110
1. ANATOMICAL OBSTRUCTION
2. MECHANICAL
OBSTRUCTION
SL.ppt/TR/FC 47 111
1. ANATOMICAL OBSTRUCTION
It happens when the tongue drops back and obstructs the throat. Other
causes are acute asthma, croup, diphtheria, swelling, and cough
(whooping).
SL.ppt/TR/FC 47 112
2. MECHANICAL
OBSTRUCTION
When foreign objects lodge in
the pharynx or airways; fluids accumulate
in the back of the throat.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 48 113
1. MILD OBSTRUCTION
2. SEVERE
OBSTRUCTION
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 114
1. MILD OBSTRUCTION
A. Signs:
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 115
B. Rescuer Actions:
As long as good air exchange continues,
1. Encourage the victim to continue spontaneous coughing
and
breathing efforts.
2. Do not interfere with the victims own attempts to expel
the foreign body, but stay with the victim and monitor his
or her condition.
3. If mild airway obstruction persists, activate the emergency
response system.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 116
2. SEVERE OBSTRUCTION
A. Signs:
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 117
cont.
6. Unable to speak
7. Clutching the neck with the thumb and fingers making
the
universal sign of choking.
8. Movement of air is absent.
B. Rescuer Actions:
Ask the victim if he or she is choking. If the
victim nods and
cannot talk, severe airway obstruction is present and
you must
activate the emergency response system and AED
once the victim becomes unconscious.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 118
-is a sign
wherein the
victim is
clutching his/her
neck with one or
both hands and
gasping for
breath.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 119
Abdominal thrusts is an emergency
procedure for removing a foreign
object lodged in the airway that is
preventing a person from
breathing.
REMEMBER :
A.T.should not be used in
infants under 1 year of age
due to risk of causing injury.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 50 120
3
2
1
ai
r
Site
(compression)
121
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20
Foundation Facts: Complications
from Abdominal Thrusts
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 122
Back slaps / Chest thrust to a conscious infant
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 123
To apply the Abdominal Thrust maneuver to oneself:
Make a fist with one hand and place it in the middle of the body at
a spot
above the navel and below the breastbone, then grasp the
fist with the
other hand and push sharply inward and upward.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 124
If this fails,
The victim should press the upper abdomen over ;
the back of a chair,
edge of a table,
porch railing or something similar and thrust up and
inward until the object is dislodged.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 125
SELF ADMINISTRATION
SELF ADMIN OF A.T.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 126
OBVIOUSLY PREGNANT AND
VERY OBESE PEOPLE
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 127
Caution: Pregnant and Obese Victims
If the victim is pregnant or obese,
perform chest thrusts instead of abdominal
thrusts or chest compression.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 128
FBAO Management
Adult / Child / Infant
1. Determine scene safety.
2. Introduce yourself patient, guardian and
or bystander.
3. Determine level of breathing difficulty by
checking:
a. Infant- ineffective coughs, weak or
absence of
cry. if so, tell parents/guardian that
you are
there to help.( may I help )
b. Child/Adult- by asking if the victim is
choking.
If so, tell the victim that you are
there to help.
( may I help )
4. Properly position the patient.
a. Infant- support the infant on
rescuers knee or lap
b. Child/Adult - Assume straddle
position behind.
5. Locate proper site:
a. Infant- give 5 back slaps and 5
chest thrust using 2 fingers
techniques.
b. Child/Adult- for abdominal thrust,
properly
position balled fist on the patient
Properly perform abdominal thrust
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 130
Cont, pt becomes unconscious
6. If the patient become unconscious. Carefully lay
down unconscious patient.
12. Each time the airway is open during CPR look for
the foreign body. If visible remove.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 132
Cont, pt becomes unconscious
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 133
DID WE MEET OUR OBJECTIVES ?
WERE WE ABLE TO :
Discuss the:
- causes
- types
- classification of obstruction
SL.ppt/TR/FC 45 134
DID WE MEET OUR OBJECTIVES ?
WERE WE ABLE TO :
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 135
DID WE MEET OUR OBJECTIVES ?
WERE WE ABLE TO :
SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 136
Module 6
BLS for HCP
Automated External
Defibrillator (AED)
137
Module 6: Automated External Defibrillator
OBJECTIVES:
After completing this module, participants will be able to:
1. Define AED
2. Explain the indications and importance of early
defibrillation.
3. Enumerate the 4 universal steps of an AED operation.
4. Explain the special conditions that affect the use of an AED
138
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
SKILL OBJECTIVE:
After completing this session, participants will be able to -
Demonstrate how to properly use AED to an adult, child & infant who are in
cardiac arrest.
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Definition
Causes of VF and
Cardiac Arrest
Hypoxia
Near drowning
Burst lung
Decompression illness
Rebreather malfunction
Choking
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Bleeding
Heart attack
Drug overdose
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Treatment
Evidence
100
80
defibrillation is delayed
the victims survival rate
(%)
60
decreases by 10%
40
20
0
5 10 15 20 25 30
Time to Defibrillation
(minutes)
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
2. Semi-automated Defibrillator
Requires the user to press the button for analysis
and shock
Parts of an AED
Example: AED Trainer
Pads connector port
On button
Analyze
button
Shock
button
Pads
Defibrillator
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
AED Procedures
BLS until AED available
Diagnose cardiac arrest
Unresponsive
Not breathing
normally
Go for or send someone
for AED
30 compressions
2 rescue breaths
Continue 30:2
RB+CC = CPR
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Attach AED
Power on
Cut suit
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Dry skin/shave if
necessary
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Attach pads
Giving a shock
Be sure no one is
touching the victim
Press Shock button if
instructed
Resume CPR
immediately after
giving 1 shock
Follow voice prompts
Record events
Basic Life Support CPR Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Introduction to BLS - CPR
Basic Life Support Visual Aids
DOH-HEMS Adult BLS Algorhythm
AED/defibrillator ARRIVES
Check Rhythm
Shockable rhythm?
Not Shockable
Shockable