Newton's Laws of Motion

Physics 1

PPISMP, IPGK Darulaman

 Introduction
Newtons 3 laws of motion
1. Law of inertia
2. Net Force = mass x acceleration
(F=MA)
3. Action Reaction
Newtons Universal Law of Gravity
 Isaac Newton 1642-1727

Isaac Newton 1689

Knighted by Queen Anne 1705

Isaac Newton 1702

Isaac Newton 1726

 Law of inertia (1st Law)
Every object continues in its state of rest, or
of uniform motion in a straight line, unless
it is compelled to change that state by forces
impressed upon it.

acceleration = 0.0 unless the objected is

acted on by an unbalanced force
 Law of inertia (1st Law)
Inertia (The intrinsic tendency of an object
to resist changes in motion)
Mass is a measure of an objects inertia
Mass is also a measure of the amount of an
objects matter content. (i.e. protons,
neutrons, and electrons)
Weight is the force upon an object due to
gravity
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration

F = ma
 Newtons Law of Action
Reaction (3rd Law)
You can not touch without being touched

For every action force there is

and equal and oppositely directed reaction force
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
m=2.0 kg F=?

F=ma
a= 6.0 m/s2 = 2.0 kg x 6.0 m/s2
=12.0 Newtons
= 12.0 N
An object experiences a net force and exhibits an acceleration
in response. Which of the following statements is always true?
(a) The object moves in the direction of the force.
(b) The acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity.
(c) The acceleration is in the same direction as the force.
(d) The velocity of the object increases.
An object experiences a net force and exhibits an acceleration
in response. Which of the following statements is always true?
(a) The object moves in the direction of the force.
(b) The acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity.
X(c) The acceleration is in the same direction as the force.
(d) The velocity of the object increases.
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
m=2.0 kg F=6.0 N

a=F / m
a= ? = ? m/s2
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F=MA
m=2.0 kg F=6.0 N

a=F / m
a= 3.0 m/s2 = 3.0 m/s2
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F=MA
m=? F= 10.0 N

m= F/a
a= 20.0 m/s2 = ? kg
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
m=? F= 10.0 N

m= F/a
a= 20.0 m/s2 = 0.50 kg
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
m= 8.0 kg F= ? N

F=ma
a= 10.0 m/s2 = 80.0 N
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F=MA
A= 10.0 m/s2
M= 8.0 kg F=M A
= ? N

F= ? N
F= weight
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
A= 10.0 m/s2
m= 8.0 kg F=ma
= 80 N

F= 80 N
F= weight
 Weight
m= 6.0 kg
W=mg
g = 10 m/s2

weight is the force due to the W= ?

gravitational attraction between
a body and its planet
 Weight
m= 6.0 kg
W=mg
g = 10 m/s2

weight is the force due to the W= 60N

gravitational attraction between
a body and its planet
Question 1: A force of 45 N pushes horizontally on a 15 kg
crate resting on a level frictionless surface.
(Actually the crate
has real good tiny wheels) What is the acceleration
of the crate?
1. 3.0 m/s/s
2. 30.0 m/s/s
3. 60.0 m/s/s
4. 0. 33 m/s/s
Question 1: A force of 45 N pushes horizontally on a 15 kg
crate resting on a level frictionless surface.
(Actually the crate
has real good tiny wheels) What is the acceleration
of the crate?
1. X 3.0 m/s/s
2. 30.0 m/s/s
3. 60.0 m/s/s
4. 0. 33 m/s/s
Question 2: A 15.0 kg crate is in contact with a 30.0 kg
crate on a level frictionless surface as shown. If the 15.0 kg
mass is pushed with a force of 45.0 N what is the acceleration
of the two masses?
A. 1.0 m/s/s
B. 1.5 m/s/s
C. 2.0 m/s/s
D. 3.0 m/s/s
Question 2: A 15.0 kg crate is in contact with a 30.0 kg
crate on a level frictionless surface as shown. If the 15.0 kg
mass is pushed with a force of 45.0 N what is the acceleration
of the two masses?
A. 1.0 m/s/s
B. 1.5 m/s/s
C. 2.0 m/s/s
D. 3.0 m/s/s
 Question 3: A 15.0 kg crate is in contact with a 30.0 kg
crate on a level frictionless surface as shown. If the 15.0 kg
mass is pushed with a force of 45.0 N what is the force that
the 15.0 kg mass exerts on the 30.0 kg mass?

1. 15 N
2. 20 N
3. 25 N
4. 30 N
 Question 3: A 15.0 kg crate is in contact with a 30.0 kg
crate on a level frictionless surface as shown. If the 15.0 kg
mass is pushed with a force of 45.0 N what is the force that
the 15.0 kg mass exerts on the 30.0 kg mass?

1. 15 N
2. 20 N
3. 25 N
4. 30 N

The contact force is what gives the 30 kg crate its

acceleration of 1 m/s/s. Thus this contact force must be
equal to 30kg(1 m/s/s)=30 N
 Weight

W=mg

8.0 kg

W= ?
 Weight

W=mg

8.0 kg

W= 80 N
A baseball of mass m is thrown upward with some
initial speed. A gravitational force is exerted on the
ball
(a) at all points in its motion
(b) at all points in its motion except at the highest
point
(c) at no points in its motion
A baseball of mass m is thrown upward with some
initial speed. A gravitational force is exerted on the
ball
(a) at all points in its motion
(b) at all points in its motion except at the highest
point
(c) at no points in its motion
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
F= 150.0 N
m= 5.0 kg
D =120.0 N
Net Force = ?
a= ? m/s2
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
F= 150.0 N
m= 5.0 kg
D =120.0 N
1. Net Force = 30.0 N
2. a= 6.0 m/s2
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
F= 150.0 N
m= 5.0 kg

2. D=??
1. Net Force =??
a= 20.0 m/s2
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
F= 150.0 N
m= 5.0 kg

2. D=50 N
1. Net Force = 100N
a= 20.0 m/s2 2. Using MA
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
F= 150.0 N
m= 5.0 kg
D=?
Net Force = ?
a= 0.0 m/s2
 Newtons 2nd Law
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
F = ma
F= 150.0 N
m= 5.0 kg
D=150.0 N
Net Force = 0.0
a= 0.0 m/s2
Which of the following statements is most correct?
(a) It is possible for an object to have motion in the
absence of forces on the object.
(b) It is possible to have forces on an object in the
absence of motion of the object.
(c) Neither (a) nor (b) is correct.
(d) Both (a) and (b) are correct.
Which of the following statements is most correct?
(a) It is possible for an object to have motion in the
absence of forces on the object.
(b) It is possible to have forces on an object in the
absence of motion of the object.
(c) Neither (a) nor (b) is correct.
(d) Both (a) and (b) are correct.
An object experiences no acceleration.
Which of the following cannot be true for the object?
(a) A single force acts on the object.
(b) No forces act on the object.
(c) Forces act on the object, but the forces cancel.
An object experiences no acceleration.
Which of the following cannot be true for the object?
(a) A single force acts on the object.
(b) No forces act on the object.
(c) Forces act on the object, but the forces cancel.
 QUICK QUIZ 5.3
(end of section 5.5)
On Earth, where gravity is present, an experiment is performed on a puck on an air hockey
table, with negligible friction. A constant horizontal force is applied to the puck and its
acceleration is measured. The experiment is performed on the same puck in the far reaches of
outer space where both friction and gravity are negligible. The same constant force is applied
to the puck and its acceleration is measured. The pucks acceleration in outer space will be a)
greater than its acceleration on Earth, b) less than its acceleration on Earth, c) exactly the
same as its acceleration on Earth, d) infinite since neither friction nor gravity are holding it
back?
 QUICK QUIZ 5.3
(end of section 5.5)
On Earth, where gravity is present, an experiment is performed on a puck on an air hockey
table, with negligible friction. A constant horizontal force is applied to the puck and its
acceleration is measured. The experiment is performed on the same puck in the far reaches of
outer space where both friction and gravity are negligible. The same constant force is applied
to the puck and its acceleration is measured. The pucks acceleration in outer space will be a)
greater than its acceleration on Earth, b) less than its acceleration on Earth, c) exactly the
same as its acceleration on Earth, d) infinite since neither friction nor gravity are holding it
back?
 Newtons 2nd Law
Friction depends
on surfaces in contact (roughness)
contact force pushing surfaces together
Friction
? F= 130.0 N
M= 5.0

A= 0.0 m/s2
Net Force = ?
 Fnet=P-fK
P

fs,max=msN
fK=mKN
f
fs,max

fK=mKN
kinetic friction
(sliding friction)
Static friction F
Applied Force=Static frictional force F=fs
 Air ResistanceForce
Depends on:
velocity
Air density
Shape and aerodynamics of object
 Terminal Velocity
When air resistance force balances an
objects weight
Air Drag

Acceleration= 0.0
===>
Terminal velocity

w
 Terminal Velocity
Acceleration = 0.0 ===>Terminal velocity

Air Drag Air Drag

80 kg 10 kg

w w

which has the greatest force of air resistance?

 Not Terminal Velocity
Acceleration = ?

Air Drag = 240N

80 kg

+x W = 800 N
 Not Terminal Velocity
Acceleration = ?

Air Drag = 240N

SF = m a
+800N - 240N= 80kg a
80 kg
+560N=80kg a

a=7.0 m/s2 Down

+x
W = 800 N
Which encounters the
greater force of air
resistance
1. A falling
elephant, or
2. A falling
feather?
Which encounters the
greater force of air
resistance
1. A falling
elephant, or
2. A falling
feather?
 Two smooth balls of
exactly the same size, one
made of wood and the
other of iron, are dropped
from a high building to the
ground below. The ball to
encounter the greater force
of air resistance on the
way down is

1. the wooden ball.

2. the iron ball.
3. Neither. The force is the
same.
Two smooth balls of exactly
the same size, one made of
wood and the other of iron,
are dropped from a high
building to the ground below.
The ball to encounter the
greater force of air resistance
on the way down is

1. the wooden ball.

2. the iron ball.
3. Neither. The force is
the same.
Just after jumping off a bridge, her
acceleration is

1. 10 m/s/s down.
2. zero
3. increasing
Just after jumping off a bridge, her
acceleration is

1. 10 m/s/s down.
2. zero
3. increasing
As she falls faster and faster through the
air, her acceleration

1. increases.
2. decreases.
3. remains
the same.
As she falls faster and faster through the
air, her acceleration

1. increases.
2. decreases.
3. remains
the same.
When she reaches terminal velocity her
acceleration is

1. zero.
2. decreasing
3. Equal to gravity.
When she reaches terminal velocity her
acceleration is

1. zero.
2. decreasing
3. Equal to gravity.
Whos falling faster?
1. Heavy
2. Light
3. Both falling at same speed
Whos falling faster?
1. Heavy
2. Light
3. Both falling at same speed