Structure of Power System

Definition of Power system

Electric power System
An electric power system is a network of electrical components
used to supply, transmit and use electric power.
An interconnected power system is a complex enterprise that may
be subdivided into the following major subsystems:
Generation system

Transmission and Sub transmission Subsystem

Distribution Subsystem

Utilization Subsystem
Structure of power system
Generation systems
Bulk electrical powers can be produced by special plants known as
generation stations

In all power stations generator, a rotating machine that converts

mechanical power into electrical power by creating relative motion
between a magnetic field and a conductor.

The energy source needed to turn the generator varies widely.

It depends chiefly on which fuels are easily available, cheap enough and
on the types of technology that the power company has access to. Most
power stations in the world burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural
gas to generate electricity, and some use nuclear power, but there is an
increasing use of cleaner renewable sources such as solar, wind, wave and
hydroelectric
The voltage generated may be 11kv,6.6kv,22kv ,33kv depending on the
capacity of station.
 Transmission and Sub transmission Subsystem

The generated voltage is stepped to 220kv,132kv by the step up

transformer and it is transmitted.
Electric-power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical
energy, from generating power plants to electrical substations
located near demand centers.
High voltage transmission lines are terminated in substations,
which are called high-voltage substations, receiving substations,
or primary substations.
At the primary substations, the voltage is stepped down to a value
more suitable for the next part of the trip toward the load. Very
large industrial customers may be served from the transmission
system.
Sub transmission System

The portion of the transmission system that connects the high-

voltage substations through step-down transformers to the
distribution substations is called the subtransmission network

Typically, the subtransmission voltage level ranges from 22to

33kV. Some large industrial customers may be served from the
subtransmission system. Capacitor banks and reactor banks are
usually installed in the substations for maintaining the
transmission line voltage.
Distribution Subsystem

The distribution system connects the distribution substations to

the consumers service-entrance equipment. The primary
distribution lines from 4 to 11kV and supply the load in a well-
defined geographical area.
Some small industrial customers are served directly by the
primary feeders. The secondary distribution network reduces
the voltage to 400 v or 230v for utilization by commercial and
residential consumers.
Distribution systems are both overhead and underground.
Components of Distribution

Substation
Feeders( no tappings)
Distributors (tappings)
Service mains
Common loads

In industries
Industrial loads are composite loads, and induction
motors form a high proportion of these loads. These composite
loads are functions of voltage and frequency and form a major
part of the system load.
In residents
lighting and domestic appliances like fans, cooking, heating
etc
Single line diagram
Mind map
Generating station
11 kv

Primary transmission
11kv-220KV
TRANSMISSION

secondarytransmission
220KV-22KV
Distribution

Primary secondary
Distribution 11kv Distribution 400-230v
Summary

Generating stations(11 KV,22KV)

Transmission system
Primary transmission(11-220KV)
Secondary transmission(220-11KV)
Distribution system
Primary distribution(11-6.6KV)
Secondary distribution(6.6-400,230v)