105

Fall 2009

N ho
 1.(Introduction)
My name (Dong3 zhi4 yin1)
Dong3 lao3 shi1: teacher Dong
The course..
How is the course taught?
Questions?
Your Chinese names..
What do you know about the language
that we call Chinese?
1.What do you know about Chinese
(mandarin) as a language?

Phonetics
Morphology?
Syntax (Grammar)
Dialects
Orthography: The Characters
Now, some Chinese !
 Ni3 hao
A-Ni3 hao!
B-Ni3 hao!
A-Wo3 shi4 .
B-Wo3 shi4
A-Xin4 hui4
B-Xin4 hui4! Zai4 jian4
A-Zai4 jian!
 1.Classroom Expressions

Zi jin-Good bye
Xi xi-thank you
Hn ho-very good
N ho-hello
 1.The Three Parts of The
Chinese alphabet-Pinyin
First, A new classroom expression:
Qng gn w nin: read after me
Initials: Consonants and consonant
clusters
Finals: Vowel and vowel combinations.
Tones: Chinese is a tonal language!
Lets look at an example:

N ho
 1-2.Syllable, Word, and Character
One or more syllables make a word:
Each syllable has a Chinese character
Tone

initial N ho
final

 2.The Pinyin Chart
Finals a o e -i er ai ei ao ou an en ang eng

Initials

1234 1234 1234 234 1234 1234 1 34 1 34 14 12 4

a e () er ai ao ou an en ang

1234 1234 1234 1 34 1234 1 34 1 34 1 34 1234

b
ba bo bai bei bao ban ben bang beng

12 4 1234 1234 12 4 1234 1 12 4 12 4 1234 1234

p
pa po pai pei pao pou pan pen pang peng

1234 1234 234 234 1234 23 1234 12 4 23 1234

m me
ma mo mai mei mao mou man men mang meng
 2.The Finals

a, o,
e, i,
u,
 2.The Initials-Part I

b p m f
d t n l
g k h
 3.The Initials-Part II

j q x
z c s
zh ch sh r
 The Initials Song

B,p,m,f d,t,n,l
G is the brother of k and h
J as in jeep, q is like cheese,
X means west
In Chinese
Z c s silk we all like,
Zh ch sh r run really fast.
3.The Tones
 3.Practice!
M m m m

D d d d

G g g g
 4.Classroom Expressions
Lo sh ho Hello Teacher
Xi xie Thank you
B k qi You are welcome
 4.The Compound Finals-Part I

1. ai ei ao ou
2. An en ang eng ong
3. Ia iao ie iu ia
in iang ing iong
4.Our First Tongue Twister!
S he sh
S sh s, Four is four

Sh sh sh Ten is ten.

Shs sh sh s, Fourteen is fourteen,

S sh sh s sh. Forty is forty.

 4-5.Lets review and do some

practice
sing the song one more time!
Initials-lets
Compound finals-part I
flashcards
5.The Compound Finals-Part II

1. ua uo uai ui
uan un uang ueng
2. e an n
3. er
 5.Tone Sandhi
New classroom expression: Qing3 wen4
Two or more third tones =
second + third
Two fourth tones =
fourth + neutral
third tone + Any tone=
half third tone + any tone
 A Game!
Pinyin
 6. Spelling rules
First some classroom expression: Qng wn
When there is no intials before finals starting with u, w
shall be added as initial. For example: u - wu
If there is other vowels after u, u shall be changed to w.
For example:
ua wa uo wo uai wai uei wei

When there is no intials before finals starting with i, y

shall be added as initial. For example:
in yin ing -ying
If there is other vowels after i, i shall be changed to y.
For example:
ia ya ie ye iao yao iou you
 6. Spelling rules
When there is no intials before finals
starting with , y shall be added as initial
no matter if there is vowels after . When y
added, is changed to u. For example:
yu e yue an yuan n yun
When initials other than n and l proceed
finals starting with, changes to u.
n n l l j ju q - qu
 Practice
Yan
Ian
uan
wan
yi
i
Xu
X
 6. Where to mark the tones?
The tone mark is placed over the vowel if there
is only one vowel letter. b n t
If there are two vowels, the tone mark is placed
on the first, unless the this first vowel is i or u.
ki hi qi tu
Qing zhung chun
When the tone mark is place on i, the small dot
is removed.
y ln hu
 6.Classroom Expressions and L1
New words
Du b q Sorry, excuse me
Mi gun xi Its O.K.
How do you ask questions?
N ho m How are you?
W hn ho ! I am good.
Lets greet each other this way!
Lets practice on L1 D1 new words..
 Another Game

 The Characters
The origin and categories of Characters
Basic radicals
Stroke order
Basic strokes
Lets practice!
Your homework( a lot of it):
 The origin of Chinese Characters
The earliest Chinese
characters were
found on the Oracle
bones (turtle shells)
Chinese written
system evolved over
the years and
developed many
different styles
 Categories of Modern Chinese
Characters

Pictographic

Self-explanatory

Associative
compounds
 Categories of Modern Chinese
Characters
Pictophonetic

Mutually explanatory

Phonetic loan

 Radicals
Radicals are basic
and meaningful
components of
Chinese characters.
Knowing them well
will greatly facilitates
your understanding of
the characters

 Basic Strokes
There are a total of
eleven basic strokes
that in combination
form Chinese
characters. Each of
them should be
written in a particular
way
 The stroke orders
1. Top before bottom
2. Left before right
3. Left vertical stroke (usually) before top horizontal stroke

4. Bottom horizontal stroke last

5. Center stroke before wings
6. Horizontal strokes before intersecting vertical strokes
7. Left-falling strokes before right-falling srokes
A final rule can contradict the others:

8. Minor strokes (often) last

Despite these conflicts between rules most students quickly acquire a
natural feel for the proper stroke order.
`
 Lesson 1 New Words
Letswrite some of the new words from
Lesson 1 and pay attention to the
structures and radicals of these words

 Practice Quiz
I. Circle the sound you heard:
1) b p 2) d t
3) g k 4) j q
5) x t 6) m f
7) n l 8) zh sh
9) z c 10) l h
11) ch c 12) z zh
13) s sh 14) j g
15) c z
 Practice Quiz
II Circle the sound you heard and mark
the tones:
1)xi shi 2) ri li
3)za ja 4) zhen chen
5)si xi 6) ge he
7)xin jin 8) chan shan
9)qi chi 10) sha zha