PHYSICS ACTIVE LEARNING ASSESSMENT

Name Enrollment No:-

Deep Patel 130410107064
Dhruvi Patel 130410107066
Jayan Patel 130410107068
Poojan Patel 130410107070
Raj Patel 130410107072


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Reverberation is the persistence or prolongation of sound in a hall even after the source
stopped emitting sound.

The Reverberation time is the time taken by sound to fall below the minimum audibility
level.

REMEDIES:-
By Providing windows and openings.
By having full capacity of audience in hall or room.
By using heavy curtains with folds.
By covering the floor with carpets.
By decorating walls with beautiful pictures, poster, maps, etc.
By covering the ceiling and wall with good sound absorbing materials like felt,
fiberboard false roofing etc.
The uniform distribution of loudness in hall or a room is an important factor for satisfactory
hearing. Sometime, the loudness may get reduced due to excess of sound-absording
materials used inside hall or room.

REMEDIES:-
By using suitable absorbent at places where noise is high. As a result, the
distribution of loudness may become uniform.
By constructing low ceilings for the reflection of sound towards the listener.
By using large sounding boards behind the speakers and facing the audience.
By using public address system like loudspeaker.
The presence of any concave surface or any other curved surface in the hall or room
may make the sound to be concentrated at this focus region. As a result, the sound may
not be heard at all other regions. These regions are referred as dead space. Hence,
surfaces must be avoided.

REMEDIES:-
Curved surfaces can be avoided. If curved surface are present, they should be
covered with suitable sound absorbing materials.
An echo is heard due to reflection of sound from a distant sound-reflecting object.

REMEDIES:-
An echo can be avoided by covering long-distance walls and high ceiling with
suitable sound-absorbing materials, This prevents reflection of sound.
It refers to generation of new separate sound due multiple echoes. A set of railing or any
regular reflecting surface is said to produce the echelon effect. This echelon effect
affects the quality of the original sound.

REMEDIES:-
The remedy to avoid echelon effect is to cover such surface with sound-absorbing
materials.
Resonance occurs due to matching frequency. If the windows panels and sections of
wooden portions have not tightly fitted, they may start vibrating, there by creating an
extra sound in addition to the sound produced in the hall.

REMEDIES:-
The resonance may be avoided by fixing the windows panels properly. Any other
vibrating object which may produce resonance can be placed over a suitable
sound-absorbing materials.
The unwanted sound is called noise. The Hall or room should be properly insulated from
external and internal noises.
There are three types of noise:-
1. Air-borne noise:- Extraneous noise which are coming from outside.
2. Structure-borne noise:- The noise which is conveyed through the structure of the
building.
3. Inside noise:- The noise which are produced inside the hall or room.
REMEDIES:-
The hall or room can be made air conditioned.
The sound can be eliminated by using double walls with air space between them.
By using curtains for sound absorbing.


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5. Magnetic field effect

The minimum magnetic field required to destroy the

super conducting state is called the critical magnetic
field Hc
Hc=H[1-(T/Tc)]
where H is critical field at 0 k.
6. Critical current density : it can be define as the maximum
current that can be permitted in a superconducting material
without destroying its superconducting state.
It is function of temperature.

7. Persistent current : the steady flow of current in a

superconducting ring with out any potential deriving it is
called the persistent current .


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Type -1 superconductor Type -2 superconductor
These superconductor are These superconductor are
called as soft called as hard
superconductor. superconductor

The critical field value is very The critical field value is very
low. high.
Exhibits the perfect & Do not exhibit a perfect &
complete meissner effect. complete meissner effect.
 Low temperature superconductor
Superconductor that require liquid helium as coolant are called
low temperature superconductor

High temperature superconductor

Superconductor having their Tc values above the temperature
of liquid nitrogen are called the high temperature
superconductor.
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CRYOTRON :