Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INDIKATOR
PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Smno.jrsntnh.fpub.2013
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN:
What is it?
Source: Conway, G.R. and Barbier, E.B. 1990. After the Green Revolution. Sustainable Agriculture for
Development. Earthscan, London. 205 p.
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
1.Produktivitas:
2. Stabilitas:
Degree to which
productivity remains
constant over time
when not faced with a
shock
(1/CV productivity)
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
2. Resiliensi:
The ability of a system to
maintain or recover
productivity when
subject to stress or
shock.
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Producers
Producers harvest food, feed and fiber
Food includes grain, fruits and vegetables, livestock, aquaculture, as well as natural products
Producers may also engage in processing and marketing of food, feed and fiber
In this instance, food = agriculture. The expansive definition of agriculture includes grain,
fruits and vegetables, orchards and other tree crops, livestock and livestock products,
aquaculture, as well as natural products
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
Agriculture technologies refer to :
The practices of combining of land, labor, capital, and knowledge to Produce,
market, distribute, utilize, and trade food, feed, and fiber
Some examples: planting in rows, rotation, integrated farming systems, water
conservation/harvesting, cover cropping, etc.
Contoh-contoh:
1. planting in rows (not broadcasting)
2. crop rotation or intercropping (for soil fertility enhancement
and/or pest management)
3. integrated farming systems (for example, rice-carp-pigs
systems)
4. water conservation and water harvesting
5. cover cropping for erosion control, soil fertility enhancement,
livestock pasture .
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Elements of sustainability
Consider agricultural activities best adapted to the soils, slope and agro-ecological conditions
Consider sources of technical assistance, technology, input supply and extension support and
farmer previous experience with the technology
Assess the level and source of market demand for the product
Ensure community involvement in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation for
ownership and understanding
Determine optimum scale of the activity
Evaluate policy, legal, customary and cultural context to see that the activity fits
Keep it simple. Focus on priorities. Dont be overly ambitious and consign those taking over to
failure
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Elements of Sustainability:
Sustainable Livelihoods
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
A single agricultural activity is usually one of many activities comprising a households livelihood.
We can think holistically, in terms of sustainable livelihoods, a term that applies to all
livelihoods, not limited to those in agriculture. The British aid agency, DFID, has developed a
sustainable livelihoods framework that shows how we can work within a system to achieve
beneficial impacts on peoples livelihoods in a sustainable way.
The sustainable livelihoods framework presents the main factors that affect peoples livelihoods,
and typical relationships between them.
This framework has several desirable features:
It shows the whole picture;
It allows indirect as well as direct paths to influencing an outcome, such as improved food
security (or any of its elements).
It forces USAID and USAIDs partners to think about what we need to do outside food
security to have an impact inside food security. For example, we could choose to improve food
security by advocating market facilitating policies, institutional training, health and hygiene
education, access to safe water, and so on.
This gives USAID many possible entry points, from improving the vulnerability context, to
strengthening livelihood assets/capital (see definitions below) to influencing policies,
institutions and processes.
Moreover, this framework appears robust to handle most anything USAID would want to do.
The framework allows ample room for every cooperating sponsor, donor and NGO, but
coordination is required from the host national and local governments.
Note that the framework is centered on people and the assets or capabilities that these
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Elements of a Sustainable Livelihood
Do not undermine the livelihoods of others or compromise the livelihood options open to
others
ACNs Benefits
Ridge Tillage in the Sahel of West Africa
Increased capture of rainfall
Reduced drought risk to crops
Increase productivity, stability and resiliency
Increased biodiversity
Spontaneous regeneration of three ecologically and economically valuable tree
species (Faidherbia albida (Acacia albida)), Adansonia digitata (baobab) and Vitellaria
paradoxa (shea tree)
Increased drinking water supplies
Reduction in runoff due to ACN results in more recharge of groundwater
Dry season vegetable gardens irrigated with groundwater are now the norm (80%) in
certain villages where 12 years ago there were none
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Accessions Trials
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
USAID-funded NGOs are working with womens groups in Southern Sudan to process shea nuts
into shea butter (the basic raw material) as an income-generating activity
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Environmental Stewardship
Builds and maintains soil organic carbon to level appropriate for soil and climate
Prevents soil erosion
Balances nutrient inputs and outputs
Maintains clean water
Maximizes water conservation
Minimizes dependence on non-renewable resource fuels and purchased production inputs
Minimizes use of toxic substances
Uses integrated pest management practices
Maximizes crop rotation
Encourages diversity of plant varieties and/or livestock breeds
Encourages diversity of plants and animals within the landscape
www.envirothon.org/pdf/indicators_of_sustainable_agriculture.pdf
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
INDIKATOR PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
A Farm-Based Indicator of
Agricultural Sustainability
Farmers as Adaptive Managers of
Natural capital
"The appellation of the word
'sustainable' to a farming system
remains a matter of opinion. Most
farmers and agricultural professionals
have a 'feel' for what 'sustainable'
is."
(Smith, M., 1994. The Real Dirt: Farmers Tell About Organic and
Low-Input Practices in the Northeast, Northeast Organic Farmers
Association.)
To paraphrase Rodale:
Diversity
Self-sufficiency
Respect for Nature
Decentralization
Social Equity
System oriented
Quantitative
Predictive
Stochastic
Diagnostic (Hansen, 1996)
Readily measurable (Rigby, 2001)
Characterization of agricultural
indicators.
Practices -----effect-----Components-----effect-----Sustainability
Why do I keep saying Predicted?
Biological (biomass)
Economic (dollars)