Engine Concepts

2 - Stroke Engine 4 - Stroke

Power is developed for every one revolution of
the crank shaft per every two rev
only ports with no valves consists of valves, cam shafts and tappets
For the size power is more for the same
number of revolutions power is less
one working stroke per every 360 deg one working stroke per every two rev of the
revolution of the crank shaft crank shaft
Turning moment on the crank shaft is even and
smooth
so, lighter fly wheel not even and smooth, heavier fly wheel
Fewer moving parts , less friction, more mech Many moving parts , more friction, less
efficiency mech efficiency
Exhaust gases are not fully burnt, Exhaust gases are fully burnt, so more
so less output output
Air cooled Water Cooled
motor cycles, scooters, small boats Used in cars, commercial vehicles
more lubricating oil Less lubricating oil

Simple, more compact, lighter and

consequently cheaper
to manufacture heavier and costly construction
Petrol Engine
Mixture of air and fuel enters CC
CRs 9:1 to 11:1
Vol eff is less; but use of MPFI, this is over
come
Cost of the fuel is high
Carburettor, spark plug and complete ignition
system required
Fuel Injection System Less reliable
Higher CO and HC emissions
Initial cost is low.
Cylinder capacity is less
Less noise, smoother in operation
Easier cold starting
Diesel Engine
Air alone and is compressed
Fuel is injected through the fuel injector
15:1 to 24:1, hence more thermal efficiency,
BSFC is 30-40% less than Petrols BSFC
Higher vol. eff as no throttle valve in the air
supply passage, there by fuel economy
Fuel is cheaper, less volatile, risk of fire is
less
not required here, has only pump and
injector
More reliable
Lower CO and HC emissions
NOx and PM emissions reduced by 85%
Initial cost is high
1. More robust engine to with stand high
pressure
2. High precision involved in the
manufacture of fuel injection pump
Cylinder capacity is 20% more than petrol
for the same power o/p
More noise and not smooth
Cold starting difficult
Firing Order
Every cylinder in an automotive engine should fire
once in each cycle.
4-S, four-cylinder engine must fire every 180
degrees of crank rotation.
6-cylinder engine, ignition system must fire every
120 deg of crank rotation
Order in which various cylinders of multi-cylinder
engine fire is known as Firing order of the engine
Firing Order in Four stroke multi cylinder
engines

4- Cylinder 1-2-4-3 /
1-3-4-2

6- Cylinder 1-5-3-6-2-4

8- Cylinder 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
Assignment
1.
Define Performance Terms
Draw Performance curves