ESTIMATING A

POPULATION VARIANCE

4CHE-C
GROUP 3
CORONADO, BIANCA RANIELLA
DALISAY, QUEEN DESIREE
DAVID, HAROLD
DE REGLA, KATHLEEN KAY
DE VILLA, LENNARD ALVIN
CONTENTS

7.5.1 Chi square distribution

7.5.2 Using table a-4
7.5.3 Confidence intervals for the population
variance and standard deviation
7.5.4 Determining sample sizes

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CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION
Sampling distribution of sample statistic 2 (chi-square)
1 2
2 =
2
Where :
2 = chi-square
n = sample size
(n 1) = degree of freedom
2 = sample variance
2 = population variance 3
 PROPERTIES OF CHI-SQUARE
DISTRIBUTION
Not symmetric compared to normal and Student t
distributions
Increasing the degrees of freedom (n-1) creates a more
symmetric distribution

Chi Square distribution Chi Square distribution for4

df = 10 and df = 20
 Values of chi-square can either be positive or zero
Chi-square distribution varies with the degrees of
freedom.

Table A-4 shows the critical values of 2 with

corresponding cumulative area located to the right of
the critical value.
Instead of using Table A-4, technology (such as
STATDISK, Excel, and Minitab) can be used to find
critical values of 2.
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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

A simple random sample of ten voltage levels is

obtained. Construction of a confidence interval for
the population standard deviation requires the
left and right critical values of 2 corresponding to a
confidence level of 95% and a sample size of n = 10.
Find the critical value of 2 separating an area of
0.025 in the left tail, and find the critical value of 2
separating an area of 0.025 in the right tail.
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 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR
ESTIMATING A POPULATION
STANDARD DEVIATION OR VARIANCE
- The sample must be a simple random sample and the
distribution is normal
= population standard deviation
s = sample standard deviation
n = number of sample values
2 = left tailed critical value of 2
2 = population variance
s 2 = sample variance
E = margin of error
2 = right tailed critical value of 2
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CONFIDENCE LEVEL FOR POPULATION VARIANCE (2 )

(1)2 (1)2
< 2 <
2 2

CONFIDENCE LEVEL FOR POPULATION

STANDARD DEVIATION ()

(1)2 (1)2
< <
2 2
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STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING A CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL FOR OR 2
1. Satisfy required assumptions
2. Use degrees of freedom and Table A-4 to determine
critical values 2R and 2L corresponding to the
desired confidence level.
3. Evaluate upper and lower confidence interval limits
for 2 .
4. Take the upper and lower confidence interval limits
for .
5. Round the confidence interval limits (original data
set = one more decimal place; s or 2 = same number
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of decimal places)
 ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS

The proper operation of typical home appliances requires

voltage levels that do not vary much. Listed below are ten
voltage levels (in volts) recorded in the authors home on
ten different days. These ten values have a standard
deviation of s = 0.15 volt. Use the sample data to
construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the
standard deviation of all voltage levels. (0.10<<0.27)

123.3 123.5 123.7 123.4 123.6 123.5 123.5 123.4 123.6

123.8
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Distribution is normal

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Confidence Interval for Penny Weights Pennies are
currently being minted with a standard deviation of
0.0165 g. New equipment is being tested in an
attempt to improve quality by reducing variation. A
simple random sample of 10 pennies is obtained from
pennies manufactured with the new equipment. A
normal quantile plot and histogram show that the
weights are from a normally distributed population,
and the sample has a standard deviation of 0.0125 g.
Use the sample results to construct a 95% confidence
interval estimate of the standard deviation of the
weights of pennies made with the new equipment.
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(0.0086g<<0.0228g)
DETERMINING SAMPLE SIZES

Since determination of sample size for the estimation

of 2 is complicated, Table 7-5 will be used.
STATDISK also provides sample sizes. With
STATDISK, select Analysis, Sample Size
Determination, and then Estimate St Dev.

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

We want to estimate the standard deviation of all

voltage levels in a home. We want to be 95% confident
that our estimate is within 20% of the true value of .
How large should the sample be? Assume that the
population is normally distributed.

Using Table 7-2, confidence level of 95% and error of

20%, sample size is equal to 48.
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2. We want to estimate , the standard deviation of all
body temperatures. We want t be 95% confident tat our
estimate is within 10% of the true value of . How large
should the sample be? (192)
3. Find the minimum sample size needed to be 95%
confident that the sample standard deviation is within
5% of . (768)
4. Find the minimum sample size needed to be 99%
confident that the sample variance is within 10% of the
population variance. (1402)
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REFERENCES

Elementary statistics 10th edition by Mario F. Triola

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THANK YOU!
DISTRIBUTION OF TASKS

MEMBER TOPIC TASKS

Coronado, Bianca Raniella Chi Square Distribution Properties of Chi Square
Distribution
Dalisay, Queen Desiree Confidence Interval in Concept and Problems
Population Variance and
Deviation
David, Harold absent n/a
De Regla, Kathleen Kay Determination of sample Concept and problems
size
De Villa, Lennard Alvin Chi Square Distribution Use of Table A-4

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