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Barangay City/Municipality
Chairman Province
Vice Mayor
Barangay
Vice Governor
City Municipality
Sangguniang
Bayan Member
DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE

Yannel M. Villaber

Philippine Politics and

Governance
 Good governance
Framework of Governance
Overview of Decentralization in the
Philippines.
Local Government Code of 1991
LGC & Decentralization
Graft and Corruption
 Basic Elements Areas of Action
Accountability Public Sector Management, Public Enterprise
Management, Public Financial Management,
Civil Service Reform

Participation Participation of beneficiaries and affected

groups, Interface between government and
private sector, decentralization of public and
service delivery functions (empowerment of
Local Governments), cooperation with Non-
Government Organizations

Predictability Law and Development, Legal Frameworks for

Private Sector Development

Transparency Disclosure of Information

 Consensus Accountable
Oriented

Participatory Transparent
GOOD
GOVERNANCE
Follows the Responsive
rule of the
Law
Effective and Equitable and
Efficient Inclusive
 Status Quo is
UNACCEPTABLE!!!!!!
Need to be angry about injustice!

But also recognize that something can be

done about it thats why we are all here
studying good governance

Need to be hopeful
Need for REFORM
 Reform institutions, Leadership and Political
processes, procedures Will

Reform mindsets, Active Citizens

paradigms and behavior Engagement
 SUSTAINABLE
GOOD DEVELOPTMENT
GOVERNANCE

EFFECTIVE
GOVERNMENT
NATIONAL
/LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT PRIVATE
SECTOR SECTOR

CIVIL SOCIETY
Aquino Administration -rural development thru the Comprehensive
(1986-1992) Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

Ramos Administration -economic growth

- Social Reform Agenda (SRA) that included a list of flagship
(1992-1998) programs for the 20 poorest provinces of the country

Estrada Administration -pro-poor agenda revolved around the Lingap Para sa

Mahihirap (identify the poorest families in each province and
(1998-2001) city and provide them with a package of assistance thru a
newly created agency, the National Anti-Poverty Commission)

Macapagal-Arroyo 4 components
an economic philosophy of free enterprise appropriate to the
Administration (2001- 21st century;
2010) A modernized agricultural sector founded on social equity;
A modernized agricultural sector founded on social equity;
A social bias toward the disadvantaged to balance the
economic development plan; and to raise the moral standards
of government and society
 z

More than two decade of decentralization in

the Philippines with the enactment of the
Local Government Code of 1991
 Centralized set up unable to respond to
the demands
Decentralization within the context of
overall efforts to democratize the polity
LGC of 1991 brought about massive
changes at the local government level
Dispersal of power and autonomy from
center to local
 Dispersal of power and autonomy from
center to local
Access to government institutions
Less government-engage private sector
and civil society in governance
Recognize the key role of LGU in poverty
reduction and service delivery and the
attainment of the MDGs
Historical Period Significant Historical Development that
affected Decentralization and Local
Governance

Pre-Hispanic Societies The Chieftain of native settlements

exercised executive, judicial and legislative
powers assisted by Council of Elders
Monarchial Chieftain called the datu,
Pangininooor pangulo heads an autonomous
territorial and political units
Spanish Colonial Period Colonial governments consolidated
(1521-1902) autonomous villages into pueblos(towns),
cabildos(cities) and provincias(provinces).
In 1983, the Spanish Colonizers enacted
the Maura Law
 Access to government institutions
Less government-engage private sector and
civil society in governance
Recognize the key role of LGU in poverty
reduction and service delivery and the
attainment of the MDGs
Enable local governments become competitive
in the international market
Decentralization a basic pillar of good
governance
1st Philippine Republic In 1898, Malolos Constitution
under Malolos introduced decentralization and
Constitution administrative autonomy by
instituting localized law-making
bodies through the municipal and
provincial assemblies. Local officials
were then elected on a popular
basis
American occupation Promulgation of a number of
(1902-1935) policies promoting local autonomy
Largely because of security
considerations, local affairs had to
be under the control of the
Americans
Commonwealth local Governments were placed under the general supervision of the
President following the provision embedded in Article VII Section II
Period (1935- of the 1945 Constitution.
1946) President, by statute, could after the jurisdictions of local
governments and in effect, create or abolish them
President Quezon preferred to appoint the chief officials of cities

Post-war Era In 1959, the first local autonomy act (RA 2264) entitled An Act
Amending the Laws Governing Local Governments by Increasing
(1946-1972) their Autonomy and Reorganizing Provincial Governments was
enacted. This act vested in City and municipal governments greater
fiscal, planning and regulatory powers. It broadened the taxing
powers of the cities and municipalities within the framework of
national taxing laws.
In 1959, the Barrio Charter Act (RA 2370) sought to transform
the barrios, the smallest political unit of the local government
system into quasi-municipal corporations by vesting them some
taxing powers. Barrios were to be governed by an elective barrio
council.
Decentralization Act of 1967 (RA 5185) It further increased the
financial resources of local governments and broadened their
decision-making powers over administrative (mostly fiscal and
personnel) matters.
Marcos Regime The imposition of Martial Law in 1972, which
(1972-1986) abolished local elections and vested in the dictator
the powers to appoint local officials who were
beholden to him, was a great setback for the local
autonomy movement
1973 Constitution rhetorically committed itself
to policy of local autonomy
Local Government Code of 1983 (Batas
Pambansa Bilang 337) which reiterated the policy
of the State of Local autonomy

Post Marcos Era 1987 constitution was promulgated. It included

(1986-present) specific provisions guaranteeing autonomy to local
governments.
The Local government Code ( also known as the
Local Autonomy Act) was enacted in 1991.
 z
Period
Milestones in Local Government
50s period of Community Development
60s beginnings of decentralization policy with RA 5185 and the
pilot decentralization of three sectors, i.e., agriculture, health
and engineering
70s combination of administrative decentralization under the
IRP and political centralization under martial law
80s The passage of Local Government Code-BP 337; then its
interruption with the people power revolution in 1986 and
the inclusion of local autonomy in the Constitution
90s passage of Local Government Code RA 7160 and its
implementation, including monitoring and evaluation through
the Rapid Field Appraisals
2000 institutionalization of decentralization and local autonomy,
and implications upon such by the issuance of EO 444 calling
for a strategic review of decentralization, and EO 669 with
the government officially advocating federalism
 Areas of Feature
Governance
Basic Services Devolved to local government units responsibility for the delivery of
various aspect of basic services.
health (field health and hospital services and other tertiary services);
Social Services (social welfare services);
Environment (community-based forestry projects)
Agriculture (Agricultural extension and on-site research);
Public works (funded by local funds);
Education ( school building program);
Tourism (facilities, promotion and development);
Telecommunications services and housing projects (for provinces and
cities); and
Other services such as investment support

Regulatory Developed to local government the responsibility for the enforcement of

selected regulatory powers
Functions reclassification of agricultural lands;
enforcement of environmental laws;
Inspection of food products and quarantine;
Enforcement of national building code;
Operation of tricycles;
Processing and approval of subdivision plans; and
Establishments of cockpits and holding of cockpits.
Participation
Entrepreneurship Laid the foundation for the development and evolution of more
entrepreneurial-oriented local governments.
LGU can enter into build-operate-transfer (BOT) arrangements with the
private sector,
LGU can float bonds
LGU can obtain loans from local private institutions, etc.,
Participation

Participation Provided legal and institutional infrastructure for expanded participation of

civil society in local governance
allocated to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and peoples
organization (Pos) specific seats in local health board, and the local school
board)
Recall and peoples initiative provisions
Finance Increased the financial resources to local government units
broadened their taxing powers;
provided LGU with a specific share from the national wealth exploited in
their area, e.g., mining, fishery and forestry charges; and
Increased LGUs share from the national taxes, i.e., internal revenue
allotment (IRA), from a previously low of 11% to as much as 40%
Increased the elbowroom of LGU to generate revenue from local fees and
charges
Entrepreneurship Laid the foundation for the development and evolution of more
entrepreneurial-oriented local governments.
LGU can enter into build-operate-transfer (BOT) arrangements with the
private sector,
LGU can float bonds
LGU can obtain loans from local private institutions, etc.,
z

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FUNCTIONS, PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS THAT
HE/SHE IS CURRENTLY CONDUCTING, AND
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 References
z
https://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/decent
ralization-and-local-
autonomy?from_action=save retrieved
September 12, 2017.