c.w.

20 points
1.) These are the images generated by mass media
that form a life of their own which in turn pre-
defines or determines the way we see things.
(1pt)
2.) This refers to the pervasive effects of mass media on
how people see and interpret social events
(1pt)
 3.) He said that Mass media exhibits ambivalent
character in relation to the formation of youth culture.
(1pt)
4.) Give 1 primary effect of viewing violent TV
programming on Children.
(1pt)
5.) These are prejudgments, or opinions that people have
before knowing the full circumstances about a person or an
event
(1pt)
6.) These are images that can be adopted about specific
types of individuals, groups or certain ways of doing
things
(1pt)
7.) Give one example of stereotype against women.
(1pt)
 8.) What needs to be given by adults so that
children/youth may not necessarily develop and embrace
prejudices against women or people with different skin
colors or religion?
(1pt)
9.) It is when media act as an agent of stability, charged
with the task of helping preserve social and political order
(1pt)
10.) They said that Mass Media do not simply provide
objective information and images informations are pre-selected,
--------

edited, and screened out before they are presented and consumed
by the audiences
(1pt)
11.) It is the by-product of power or right to give
orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience .
(1pt)
12.) It is the capacity or ability to direct or
influence the behavior of others or the course
of events.

(1pt)
13.) It is the right and acceptance of an
authority, usually a governing law or a regime.

(1pt)
14.) Authority viewed as illegitimate often

has the right and justification to exercise power.

TRUE or FALSE?
(1pt)
15.) Who identifies the 3 forms of
legitimacy?
(1pt)
16.) A form of legitimacy wherein the basis of
power and leadership of a government pledges to
abide the law and wins consent from the people
through public trust.
(1pt)
17.) Government endures, but states

changes.
TRUE or FALSE?
(1pt)
18.) Branch of government that settles legal

controversies as well as interprets the laws

being legislated.
(1pt)
19.) The President of the country is entitled

for a re-election after his term of office.

TRUE or FALSE?
(1pt)
20.) How do we call the head of the House

of Representatives?
(1pt)
LETS CHECK!
Health
Session 6
 Western medicine prevails!
Modern heart centers and hospitals are equipped with
diagnostic machineries

modern medicine

MAINSTREAM MEDICINE
 Energy Medicines
Yoga - a method of traditional stretches, exercises, and meditations in
Hinduism.
- healing life energy that is absorbed into the body through the
breath, and hereby believed to treat wide variety of illnesses.

Tai Chi some practice tai chi chuan primarily for self-defense,
- some practice it for its aesthetic appeal
- some are interested in its benefits to physical and mental health.
 Health as a Human Right
- all individuals are entitled.

The Constitution defines the right to

health as
the enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of health

healthy child development

equitable dissemination of medical
knowledge and its benefits
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article 25 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights

1948 states that
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing,
and medical care and necessary social services.

Health - state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (The Preamble
of the 1946 World Health Organization)
But majority of the rural poor

experience
mainstream health
care unaffordable

often accessed only

as debt-inducing last
resort.
For so many people in rural areas, health and healing are consigned and
relegated to alternative forms of treatment like

herbal
concoctions or faith healers
some rural
alchemy

consultation with
the albularyo or
hilot (treatments
often spiced with
bulong/orasyon)
 Belief in
mythical creatures!
(all contributing to a unique
health care beliefs)
Mythological creatures too often
contributing to the conundrums of diseases.

Lamang-lupa or earth dwellers are

believed to inhabit the mounds of
earth and the underground,
- accidentally disturbing these
places, not obtaining leave or
failing to apologize may cause a
series of complaints ranging from
abdominal distress, headaches, body
pains, and even insanity
Kapre
Tikbalang
Nuno
Aswang
Mangkukulam
Duwende
 Illnesses are often attributed to
sorcery (kulam).
Some believe that certain diseases
can only be treated by an albularyo
with expertise in countering such
illnesses.
It is a practice that is put forward as having healing effects of medicine,
but does not originate from evidence gathered using scientific method.
Many have libertos a collection of prayers for use with bulongs and orasyon
for countering common maladies caused by bad winds, spirits and earth dwellers.

Suob ministered by the

hilot/midwife,
- is a ritual of post-partum care
that incorporates modalities of
herbs, prayer, smoke, heat and
massage.
 Pasma - a common rural malady
attributed to the exposure of cold water
manifesting in a sundry of ways:
Tremors, numbness, and various
rheumatic manifestations.
 Bangungot sudden nocturnal deaths
urban and rural belief system still attribute
these nighttime sleep deaths to excesses of alcohol
and eating, pancreatitis is still held on as to the
familiar medical diagnosis
 Bales is believed to be caused by an
admiring or complimentary greeting or
comment like:

Your hair looks nice or you look good

today.

- It is believed that the compliment

carries bad wind with it.

- An immediate verbal antidote (pang-

kontra) is to say: Puwera usog
 Treatment ?
- varied, some first
attempted by
family members
before calling on
the help of the
Albularyo
Saliva (Laway) Finger-tip wet with saliva, in a cross,
on the abdomen or forehead of the person affected by bales.

- If the visit to the patient is not possible or inconvenient, the

albularyo can send a small bag of his saliva to be applied as
antidote.
 Bulong, Orasyon, Tapal
Bulong is a prayer in pig-latin,
whispered in the course of
treatment by the folk healers.

- The orasyon is the same pig-

latin prayer written in a small
piece of paper and passed as tapal
on the abdomen or forehead
Mangdudura A spittle specialist, laypersons believed
to possess the ability to more effectively counter bales-
induced headaches, using the same procedure of chewing
various herbs and dabbing and crossing it with his/her
thumb over various body parts.
Unton presentive measure
used for infant and young
children prone to bales.

- It is usually a pouch or small

sac filled with various
indigenous ingredients such
as seeds, leaves, tree bark,
tobacco, carabao horn, and
pinned on the childs upper
clothing.
 System of Diagnosis, Prevention and Healing

Ginger, coconut oil and alcohol A concoction of ground or mashed ginger is

mixed with little alcohol and coconut oil for massage to the tremendous, painful
or swollen extremities.
Hugas-Bigas
Salt Soaks For sweating of the hands or feet
Salt and Bayabas leaves
Tawas Bath water with tawas dissolved in it.
Urine In some provinces, the warm first morning
urine, is used as a soaked-and-wash for tremors,
numbness, and excessive sweating.
Homeopathy is a system of treating illnesses
that uses very small amounts of substances that
would in larger amounts produce symptoms of
the illnesses in healthy people.

Homeopathy is considered quackery in the

medical community
Naturopathic Medicine based on a belief
that the body heals itself using a supernatural
vital energy that guides bodily processes.

- A view in conflict with the paradigm of

evidence based medicine.
Traditional Chinese medicine is a combination of
traditional practices and belief developed over thousands of
years in China.

- Common practices include herbal medicine, acupuncture,

massage, exercise, and dietary therapy.
Supernatural Energies
- supernatural energies
flow from the palms of the
healer in the patient near
Chakras, influencing
diseases.