PRESENTED BY :

R.S.R. DE SILVA

AM 9622
Overview of the Presentation
Recognized Training and Responsible Experience related to 5 core
competencies

Design Project
1.0 Knowledge and Understanding of Engineering
Principals
Identify the Behavior and Failure mechanism of Structures is very
important.
Shallow buried water retaining structures should be checked for uplifting.

Buckling failure of compression struts

Deflection is critical for beams supporting brittle finishes

Punching shear in flat slabs.

Identify of the alternative load paths of the structure

Negative Skin Friction in piles are important in designing the piled

foundation.
2.0 Practical Application of Engineering knowledge
and Expertise
Very important in renovation of existing building..

Foundation on swelling clays.

Long span beam with a shallow depths due to head room restriction.

Soil improvement for weak soils.

3.0 Leadership and Management
Role of Structural Engineer is very vital in almost all the project. In many
projects Structural Engineer bear the role of the Project manager as well.

Co-ordination construction work and monitor the work progress

Labour and material management is very vital for the preserving the
earths resources and economy of the project.
Communication and Interpersonal Skills
Defending the design is very important.

Always act in professional manner safeguarding the integrity.

E-mails and letters should be precise.

Self marketing is also very important to compete in the industry.

5.0 Professional Conduct
Code of Practice is used as the guideline for the practice.

Continuous professional Development.

Safety of the public is safeguard in all most all the projects.

Attending the Training Sessions conducted by CECB, Society of Structural

Engineering Sri Lanka, IESL

Followed MSc.In Structural Design conducted by University of Moratuwa,

Sri Lanka
Project-Educational Building for Sigma Institute
Project Brief
7 Storey RCC Building, floor area 3600m2, Project cost Rs 180 million.

Consists of Basement Car Park, Ground Floor Cafeteria, Upper Class

Rooms, Parents Waiting Areas, Office and Toilets, Roof Terrace

Structural Frame is RCC Beam and Column Frame with a Central Lift Shaft
Structural Analysis and Design
The art of using materials that have properties which can only be
estimated,

to build real structures

that can only be approximately analyzed

to withstand the forces that are not accurately known

so that our responsibility with respect to public safety is satisfied.

-Prof. Chandrakeerthis Lecture Note-

Steps of Structural Analysis and Design
Preparation of General Arrangement Drawing

Loads Evaluation.

Structural Analysis

Structural Design

Detailing

Construction Quality Supervision

Loads
Vertical Loads Lateral Loads
Dead Loads Wind Loads

Self Weight of the Structure Wind Zone 3, Normal Structure

Loads Due to Finishes (Tiled Basic Wind Speed 33m/s

Finish)

Imposed Loads Space Load

Office 3 kN/m2
Live Loads (As per BS 6399)
Class Room 3 kN/m2
Cafeteria 3 kN/m2
Toilets 3 kN/m2
Initial Member Sizes
Required to Finalize the General Arrangement drawings with the architect
and get a rough estimate on the cost of the structure.

Recommendation given in Manual for Design of Reinforced Concrete

Building Structures by ISTRUCTE is followed.

Previous design experience were also found to be very helpful.

Structural Analysis
Structure is modeled and analyzed in Computer Package SAP 2000

Slab Loads were assigned to Beams as per Table 3.15 of BS 8100-1:1997.

Wind loads were assigned to columns.

Structural Design
Foundation Design
Sub Surface Profile

Layer Number Layer Description Layer Thickness (m) SPT

1 Surface Layer 0.5 -
2 Dense Sand 5.3 25
3 Organic Clay with Peat 2 1
4 Dense Sand 3.8 35

Depth to the ground water table is 2.4m below the existing ground
level
Foundation Design Contd
Column reactions can be found from the Analysis Results.

Allowable bearing capacity is 250kN/m2

Foundation Options

Individual Pad Footings-Footings over laps

Raft Foundation-Pressure bulb extends to the organic peat layer, Hence

not recommend.

Inverted T type foundation

 Foundation Design Contd

Ground Floor Level

1.2m

2.7m Existing Ground Level

First Floor Level

2.4m

0.9m Water Table

Foundation Design Contd
Beam Depth is restricted to 0.9m.

It was decided to have a Inverted T type Foundation.

Resulted in very heavy reinforcement.

As such rectangular section is adopted.

Super Structure Design
Slab Design
One way and two way slab panels

Cantilever Slabs

Beam Design
Beams were designed as flange beams at mid span and rectangular beams at
supports
Long Span beam of 12 m is with a 750mm depth

Column Design
Columns were designed as unbraced short columns

Transfer Columns

Shear Wall Design

Detailing
Should be in conformity with the design assumptions.

Wall to beam connections, primary beam to secondary beam

connections.

Practical issues should be addressed.

Wastage of reinforcement should be minimized.

Detailing to withstand a minor earthquake.

Periodical Site Visits
To ensure the design assumptions are implemented at the site.
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