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V100R003 Product
Description
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Related Information
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Objectives
Upon the completion of the course, you will be aware of:
Overall features and product positioning of the RTN 900
V1R3
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Contents
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Advent of the IP Age
Mobile Backhaul
2G -> 3G -> 3G+ ->LTE, the backhaul of mobile base stations evolves from
TDM to IP.
Microwave transport networks evolve from the traditional TDM microwave
network to the packet microwave network.
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Three Microwave Forms
IDU
TDM Microwave:
Real-time
PDH microwave is used for access; SDH microwave is used for convergence.
TDM Native
TDM Ethernet services are transmitted in the space through the EOS technology.
Real-time
based It supports the fixed modulation scheme from QPSK to 128QAM, and features
ETH EOS
Real-time
Real-time small capacity.
It is used in 2G and early stages of 3G networks.
TDM in air
Hybrid Microwave:
Native TDM + Native Ethernet
IDU
It supports the modulation scheme from QPSK to 256QAM and the AM function,
Real-time and features high bandwidth.
TDM Native TDM
It is used in scenarios where TDM and IP networks coexist at the initial stage of the
Real-time transition from 2G networks to 3G networks. At this stage, voice services are
ETH Native Packet
primary and data services are secondary among mobile services. Adding the packet
switching capability to the original TDM microwave equipment is undoubtedly the
Hybrid in air preferred solution at the transition stage of the mobile transport network evolution. In
this way, investment in original equipment can be protected and existing voice
services can be transported.
Packet in air
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Evolution of Microwave Transmission Network
When microwave transport networks evolve towards packet transport networks inevitably, it is
a most cost-effective solution for carriers to evolve microwave transport networks from
traditional TDM microwave networks to hybrid microwave networks, and then to pure packet
microwave networks. This solution combines strengths such as protecting investment in
existing networks, flexible upgrade, and compatibility. If carriers need to build new mobile IP
transport networks, the best choice is to use advanced pure packet microwave equipment to
transport future All IP services.
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Huawei's Microwave Solutions
Pure Packet microwave
Hybrid microwave
High Efficiency
Networklized
R1 R3
RTN 605
R1/R2
RTN 620
R3
R1
R2
R3
RTN 910/950
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Overview of RTN 900s
The RTN 900 V1R3 is a version combining Packet radio and Hybrid radio on
the RTN 900. The RTN 900 can be smoothly upgraded from V1R2 to V1R3,
since the RTN 900 V1R3 is on the same platform as the RTN 900 V1R2.
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Contents
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Radio Link Forms
The OptiX RTN 900 V1R2 provides the radio links of different forms by flexibly configuring
different IF boards and ODUs to meet the requirements of different microwave application
scenarios. Different radio link forms of OptiX RTN 900 V1R2 support different types of
microwaves. The radio link form of the TDM microwave supports the PDH microwave and the
SDH microwave. The radio link form of the Hybrid microwave support the Hybrid microwave.
1. The PDH microwave refers to the microwave that transmits only the PDH services
(mainly, the E1 services). During the transmission, the PDH microwave does not change
the features of the PDH services.
2. The SDH microwave refers to the microwave that transmits SDH services. During the
transmission, the SDH microwave does not change the features of the SDH services.
3. The Hybrid microwave refers to the microwave that transmits native E1 services and
native Ethernet services in hybrid mode. The Hybrid microwave supports the AM function.
During the transmission, the Hybrid microwave does not change the features of the E1
services and Ethernet services.
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TDM Microwave
The PDH microwave refers to the microwave that transmits only the PDH services (mainly, the E1
services). During the transmission, the PDH microwave does not change the features of the PDH
services. Unlike the conventional PDH microwave equipment, the RTN 900 V1R2 has a built-in
MADM. The MADM grooms the E1 services to the microwave port for further transmission. Thus,
the services can be groomed flexibly and seamless convergence between the optical network and
the microwave network is achieved.
The SDH microwave refers to the microwave that transmits SDH services. During the transmission,
the SDH microwave does not change the features of the SDH services.
Unlike the conventional SDH microwave equipment, the RTN 900 V1R2 has a built-in MADM. The
MADM grooms services to the microwave port through cross-connections, maps the services into
the STM-1-based microwave frames, and then transmits the STM-1-based microwave frames. Thus,
the services can be groomed flexibly and seamless convergence between the optical network and
the microwave network is achieved.
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The Capacity of TDM Microwave
7 QPSK 4xE1
7 16QAM 8xE1
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The Capacity of TDM Microwave (Cont.)
If the radio link form is the SDH/PDH microwave, the maximum capacity of each
channel of microwave is STM-1.
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Hybrid Microwave
The Hybrid microwave refers to the microwave that transmits native E1 services and native
Ethernet services in hybrid mode. The Hybrid microwave supports the AM function. During the
transmission, the Hybrid microwave does not change the features of the E1 services and
Ethernet services.
The RTN 900 V1R2 has a built-in MADM and a packet processing platform. The MADM
transmits E1 services that are accessed locally or extracted from the SDH to the microwave port.
After processing the accessed Ethernet services in the unified manner, the packet processing
platform transmits the Ethernet services to the microwave port. The microwave port maps the E1
services and the Ethernet services into Hybrid microwave frames and then transmits the Hybrid
microwave frames.
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Capacity of the Hybrid Microwave
Service(Native E1 + Ethernet service)
Channel Spacing (MHz) Modulation Scheme Maximum Number of E1s
in Hybrid Microwave
3.5 QPSK 2
3.5 16QAM 4
7 QPSK 5
7 16QAM 10
7 32QAM 12
7 64QAM 15
7 128QAM 18
7 256QAM 20
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Capacity of the Hybrid Microwave Service
(Cont.)
Channel Spacing (MHz) Modulation Scheme Maximum Number of
E1s in Hybrid
Microwave
14 (13.75) QPSK 10
14 (13.75) 16QAM 20
14 (13.75) 32QAM 24
14 (13.75) 64QAM 31
14 (13.75) 128QAM 37
14 (13.75) 256QAM 42
28 (27.5) QPSK 20
28 (27.5) 16QAM 40
28 (27.5) 32QAM 52
28 (27.5) 64QAM 64
28Copyright
(27.5) 2006 Huawei Technologies
128QAM
Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
75 Page 17
Capacity of the Hybrid Microwave Service
(Cont.)
Channel Spacing (MHz) Modulation Scheme Maximum Number of
E1s in Hybrid
Microwave
28 (27.5) 256QAM 75
40 QPSK 27
40 16QAM 55
40 32QAM 71
40 64QAM 75
40 128QAM 75
40 256QAM 75
56 (55) QPSK 40
56 (55) 16QAM 75
56 (55) 32QAM 75
56Copyright
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64QAMCo., Ltd. All rights reserved.
75 Page 18
Capacity of the Hybrid Microwave Service
(Native STM-1 + Ethernet service)
Channel Spacing (MHz) Modulation Scheme Maximum Number of
E1s in Hybrid
Microwave
28 (27.5) 128QAM 1
28 (27.5) 256QAM 1
40 64QAM 1
40 128QAM 1
40 256QAM 1
56 (55) 16QAM 1
56 (55) 32QAM 1
56 (55) 64QAM 1
56 (55) 128QAM 1
56 (55) 256QAM 1
28Copyright
(27.5) 2006 Huawei Technologies
128QAM
Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
1 Page 19
Modulation Modes
The TDM microwave only supports fixed modulation. The Hybrid microwave supports fixed
modulation and adaptive modulation (AM).
The fixed modulation refers to a modulation scheme wherein a modulation scheme is
adopted invariably when the radio link is running. When the fixed modulation is adopted, the
modulation scheme can be configured through software. A modulation scheme can range
from QPSK to 256QAM.
The AM is a technology through which the modulation scheme can be adjusted
automatically according to the channel quality. When the AM is adopted, the lowest
modulation mode (also called reference mode) and highest modulation scheme (also called
nominal mode) can be configured through software.
Fixed Modulation Adaptive Modulation
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AM Technology
Through the AM technology, the Hybrid microwave uses a high-efficiency modulation scheme when
the channel is of better quality. Hence, more user services can be transmitted and thus the
transmission efficiency and spectrum utilization are improved. When the quality of the channel is
degraded, the Hybrid microwave uses the low-efficiency modulation scheme, in which only the
services of a high priority are transmitted. Hence, the anti-interference capability of links is
enhanced and availability of the links on which the high-priority services are transmitted is ensured.
E1 services are of the highest priority in the AM-based Hybrid microwave transmission. Ethernet
services are classified into flows of different priorities based on the CoS technology. When the
Hybrid microwave uses the lowest-efficiency modulation scheme, the equipment transmits E1
services only (if the service bandwidth is higher than the total bandwidth of the E1 services, the
Ethernet services of a high priority can be transmitted). When the Hybrid microwave uses other
modulation schemes, the increased bandwidth can be used to transmit Ethernet services. In this
case, availability of the links on which the E1 services and Ethernet services of a high priority are
transmitted can be ensured and the capacity for transmitting Ethernet services increases.
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AM Features
Prepare to Detected
Detected
Switch to SNR
SNR
64QAM
32QAM decrease
Increased
64QAM
32QAM 32QAM
64QAM Massage
Message d
The AM technology can use the QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM modulation schemes.
The lowest modulation scheme (also called reference mode) and highest modulation scheme (also called
nominal mode) can be configured.
When the modulation schemes of the AM are switched, the transmit frequency, receive frequency, and channel
spacing do not change.
When the AM modulation scheme is switched, the step by step mode is adopted.
When the AM switches the modulation scheme, the services with a low priority are discarded but no bit errors or
slips occur in the services with a high priority. The speed of switching the modulation scheme meets the
requirement for no bit error in the case of 100 dB/s fast fading.
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AM (Continued)
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Hybrid Microwave Application
All priority
256QAM@28MHz:
128QAM@28 MHz:200M
180M
NodeB
256QAM@14 MHz: 100M NodeB
Low Priority NodeB
The Hybrid microwave ensures the service reliability and optimizes the service capacity
through the hybrid transmission of E1 services and Ethernet services, AM, and Ethernet
QoS control.
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Contents
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XPIC TechnologyUp to 800 Mbit/s Air-
Interface Capacity
56 MHz
400 400
400 400
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XPIC
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XPIC (Continued)
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ATPC
Peer ODU
Local ODU
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ATPC (Continued)
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AMIncreasing the Bandwidth by Four Times
Voice
256QAM
99.999%
Data Encapsulation
128QAM Element
in Network EOS Packet
64QAM Voice Planning
99.99%
Data Band 7G 7G
32QAM
Distance 30.6 km 30.6 km
16QAM
Voice
Bandwidth 28 Mbit/s 28 Mbit/s
99.9%
QPSK Data Modulation
QPSK 128QAM
scheme
Modulation Real-time service Transmission
scheme Non-real-time service 40 Mbit/s 200 Mbit/s
capacity
AM
Important feature of the packet microwave: The modulation scheme can be automatically changed
according to the transmission conditions of the air interface, thus ensuring high-level service
transmission.
Increasing the bandwidth by four times on sunny days: Under the same conditions, the OptiX RTN
equipment can support the 200 Mbit/s capacity but the EOS of the TMD can support only the 40
Mbit/s capacity.
Eight QoS levels on rainy days: The monitoring mechanism ensures the fine and hierarchical
service transmission.
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VLAN
Background
According to specific rules, a real network topology can be divided into several
logical subnetworks, namely, VLANs. The broadcast packet of a VLAN can transmit
only within the range of this VLAN. That is, one VLAN corresponds to a specific
broadcast domain.
Application Scenario
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VLAN Nesting (QinQ)
Background
The existing 4K CVLAN tags are insufficient for service planning. Values and Highlights
VLAN IDs are conflicted between convergence services and between The network configuration
the services traversing a third-party network. 1 and maintenance are
The transmission department of the carrier is separate from the simplified.
wireless department, and it is difficult for the transmission department
VLAN resources are
to work with the wireless department for VLAN planning. 2
CVLAN=1
SVLAN=2
RNC
CVLAN=2
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E-Line Service
The E-Line service is a point-to-point service form on the topology. The equipment transmits the packets
or VLAN packets on a specified port on the user side to a port on the user side or network side or to the
QinQ link on the network side, thus implementing point-to-point transparent transmission of user data.
According to transmission modes, E-Line services are classified into the following types:
(1) UNI-UNI Ethernet service
(2) UNI-NNI Ethernet service carried on a port
(3) UNI-NNI Ethernet service carried on a QinQ link
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E-LAN Service
The E-LAN service is a multipoint-to-multipoint service form on the topology. The equipment forwards packets or
VLAN packets on a specified port from the user side to multiple ports or QinQ link on the network side, thus
implementing multipoint-to-multipoint transparent transmission of user data.
On the network side, the Ethernet services can be transmitted on a port or QinQ link.
The QinQ link bearer means that an S-VLAN tag of the transport network is added to packets with the C-VLAN
tag on the network of the user side, and thus the packets are labeled with two VLAN tags when traversing the
transport network.
This provides a simple L2VPN tunnel for users. With regard to the services carried on a QinQ link, the QoS can
be ensured by configuring the QinQ policy.
MAC1
MAC1/2 MAC1/2
VLAN
MAC1/2/3/4
MAC2 1
FE: VLAN1
VLAN
MAC3/4
2
BTS/NodeB MAC1
E-LAN1 (region 1)
FE: VLAN1
BTS/NodeB MAC2
BSC/RNC MAC4
FE: VLAN2
E-LAN2 (region 2)
BTS/NodeB MAC3
BSC/RNC MAC5
MAC3
FE: No VLAN
MAC3/4
BTS/NodeB MAC4
Add VLAN2 MAC4
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Introduction to MPLS
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) combines ATM and IP technologies. Multi-
protocol means multiple Layer 3 protocols such as IPV4 and IPV6. Label switching
means switching of labels.
On an MPLS network as shown in this figure, the nodes on the edge are LERs, the intermediate
nodes are LSRs. LERs and LSRs fast forward packets based on labels. The path along which the
packets are forwarded is an LSP. In this figure, the red line and blue line represent two LSPs.
Theoretically, an unlimited number of MPLS labels can be stacked. Actually, there are up to three
layers. The outermost layer is a tunnel label and the second outermost layer is a PW label.
Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3) can encapsulate ATM, TDM, and Ethernet services
into PWs for transmission over an MPLS network.
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MSTP
TheMultiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) is adopted for network loops. MSTP adopts an
algorithm to prune a looped network to a tree network without loops, thus preventing the increase
and infinite loop of packets on the looped network.
Broadcast
storm
Broadcasting
happen
packet
X physical faults
Normally, to
X
avoidlink
The Ethernet
which shut
ring, this link isis
down logically
logically shut
reactived, Ring
down
protection happen
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LAG (IEEE 802.3ad)
One or more Ethernet links are
aggregated to form an link How to transmit 300
X
100 Mbit/s microwave
0 Mbit/s
link 1
microwave link 1
Mbit/s services on a 100 Mbit/s microwave link 2
150 Mbit/s
aggregation (LAG) so that the MAC microwave link 2
200 Mbit/s air interface?
customer regards the LAG as one link. 100 Mbit/s microwave link 3
150 Mbit/s
microwave link 3
Scenario description
Load sharing (1) When the traffic of one service exceeds the
by the LAG
transmission bandwidth of one physical link, the
LAG
service can be transmitted on multiple links
through traffic sharing.
(2) Links work in mutual protection mode.
Microwave/Opti
cal ring
Values and Highlights
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QoS Solution
End to end QoS deployment
OptiX Core
RTN 900 P P OptiX
RTN 900
NodeB
NodeB
P P
BTS
NodeB
NodeB NodeB 1 Voice
UNI: NodeB 2
Identification by user VoIP
NodeB 3
Identification by service
NodeB n Video
Per user-service QOS assurance
Internet
Type-based hierarchical service assurance: fine scheduling of multiple services per BS/user/user
group to ensure the QoS
Maximizing business values: fine bandwidth control to make full use of network resources,
containing more users
Network side: control over the DS-TE (a rigid channel similar to the SDH VC) based on planning
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Ethernet OAM
Background
IP-based networks cater for the development trend. Scenario description
Different from SDH services, Ethernet services do (1) CC: Link status and one-way
not have the operation, management, or connectivity are detected in real time.
maintenance capabilities. (2) LB: Single-end location or detection is
There are no methods or tools to rapidly and easily performed, and two-way connectivity is
locate service link faults. detected.
There are requirements for detecting the faults and (3) LT: Faults are located on site.
performance of point-to-point Ethernet physical (4) 802.3ah: The performance of the
links between two pieces of directly connected physical link in the last mile is
equipment in the last mile. monitored and faults are located.
ME A B C ME D RNC
Access Core Access
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Introduction to Clock Features
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Introduction to Clock Features
Mark Approach of Clock Description
Synchronization
1 Radio link clocks All the NEs via radio links are synchronized using radio
link clocks.
2 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz external clocks are used with
external clocks preference to synchronize the NEs stacked on a site.
3 Synchronous Ethernet clocks Synchronous Ethernet clocks are used to synchronize
the NEs back to back on a site. This requires the back-
to-back NEs to support the synchronous Ethernet
function.
4 E1 clocks E1 clocks are used to synchronize the NEs back to
back on a site, if the back-to-back NEs do not support
2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz external clocks, or synchronous
Ethernet. In this case, the E1 tributary retiming function
must be enabled for the upstream NE. After E1 tributary
retiming function is enabled, E1 service clocks can no
longer be transparently transmitted. At this time, the E1
clocks and the NE's system clock are synchronous.
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Interconnection Relationship Between IF Boards on RTN NEs
Interconnection relationship between IF boards on RTN 900 V1R3 and those on RTN 900 V1R2
IF Board on RTN 900 V1R3 on IF Board on RTN 900 V1R2 on the
Service Mode Remarks
the Local End Opposite End
IFU2 IFU2 E1+ETH
IF1 IF1 NxE1/STM-1
IFX2 IFX2 E1+ETH XPIC
ISU2 N/A
ISX2 N/A
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Interconnection Relationship Between IF Boards on RTN NEs
Interconnection relationship between IF boards on RTN 900 V1R3 and those on RTN 600 Note: ETH refers to the IF
service mode, bearing MPLS or Native Ethernet services.
IF Board on RTN 900 IF Board on RTN 600
Service Mode Remarks
V1R3 on the Local End on the Opposite End
IFU2 IFH2 E1+ETH The air interface is not enabled with the 1588v2 feature.
Interconnection relationship between IF boards on RTN 900 V1R3 and those on RTN 900 V1R1
IF Board on RTN 900 IF Board on RTN 900 V1R1
Service Mode Remarks
V1R3 on the Local End on the Opposite End
IFU2 IFE2 ETH The air interface is enabled with the 1588v2 feature.
IF1 N/A
IFX2 IFX2 ETH The air interface is enabled with the 1588v2 feature.
ISU2 N/A
ISX2 N/A
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Thank you
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