Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Change of skills.
GRAMMAR RULES-LISTS OF
VOCABULARY-SENTENCES FOR
TRANSLATION.
19th century innovations
Increasing demand for oral proficiency in
foreign languages as Europeans travelled.
Marcel (1793-1896): child language learning.
Reading
Prendergast (1806-1886): Childrens use of
situational cues to interpret utterances and
memorized phrases and routines in speaking.
First structural syllabus.
Gouin (1831-1896): Children language. Use of
gestures and actions.
The Reform Movement (around XXth
century)
New ideas discussed in books, articles,
pamphlets...
Specialists sought new ideas and advocated:
The study of the spoken language.
Phonetic training.
The use of dialogues to introduce conversational
phrases and idioms.
An inductive approach to the teaching of grammar.
Avoidance of the mother tongue.
The Reform Movement
Henry Sweet (1845-1912):
The Practical Study of Languages:
Careful selection of what is to be taught.
Imposing limits on what is to be taught.
Four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Grading materials from simple to complex.
General considerations of the Reform Movement
(Sweet, Vitor).