FRUITS

FRUITS
FRUIT
The mature ovary of a flower.
The organ of angiosperms which contains the
seeds.
All fruits arise from flowers.
A true fruit is the product of the development
of the ovary wall; the seeds are its fertilized
ovules.
 FRUITS
FUNCTION OF THE FRUIT
To protect the seeds as they develop and
help in their dispersal.
 FRUIT LAYERS

Pericarp
The mature ovary wall of
the fruit.
It is made up of three
distinct layers.
The three distinct
layers:
Exocarp- the outermost
layer
Mesocarp- the middle
layer
Endocarp- the innermost
layer
 KINDS OF FRUITS
Some fruits contain only the ovary and its
seeds.
Fruits may be classified into various ways
based on several characteristics.
 KINDS OF FRUITS
A. Fleshly fruit
1. Simple fleshy fruit
a. Berry
b. Pepo
c. Hesperidium
d. Pome
e. Drupe

2. Aggregate fruits
3. Multiple fruits
 KINDS OF FRUITS

B. Dry fruits
1. Dry, dehiscent fruits
a. Capsule
b. Legume
c. Silique
d. Follicle

2. Dry, indehiscent fruits

a. Achene
b. Caryopsis
c. Samara
d. Schizocarp
e. Nut
 A) FLESHY FRUIT

A) Fleshy fruit
A fruit whose mesocarp is fleshy upon maturity.
 A) FLESHY FRUIT
1. Simple fleshy fruit
A fruit which develops from a
flower with a single pistil and has
one or more carpels.
A. Berry
A fruit formed from a
compound ovary with few
to many seeds.
The entire pericarp is
fleshy.
Examples: grape, tomato,
kiwi, and lanzones
Some berries are derived
from flowers with inferior
ovaries; other parts
B. Pepo
A type of fleshy fruit with a
thick, hard rind
Examples: cucumber,
watermelon, and squash
 A) FLESHY FRUIT
1. Simple fleshy fruit
C. Hesperidium
A berry-like fruit
covered with a
thick, leathery skin
containing oil and
locules filled with
fleshy outgrowths
containing juice.
Examples: all citrus
fruits such as
lemon, orange, and
lime
 A) FLESHY FRUIT
D. Pome
A fruit formed from a
compound ovary in
which the receptacle
becomes thick and
fleshy.
The endocarp around
the seeds is papery
and leathery.
Examples: apple and
pear
 A) FLESHY FRUIT

E. Drupe
a simple fleshy fruit
with a single seed
enclosed by a hard,
stony endocarp.
It usually develops
from a superior
ovary containing a
single ovule.
Examples: coconut,
almond, mango and
sineguelas
 A) FLESHY FRUIT
2. Aggregate fruits
Fruits derived from a single flower
with several to many pistils.
The individual pistil develops into a
small fruitlets, but they mature as a
single fruit in a single receptacle.
Examples: strawberry, guyabano,
magnolia and atis
3. Multiple fruits
These fruits are derived from several
to many individual flowers in a single
inflorescence.
Each flower has its own receptacle,
but as the flower matures separately
into fruitlets, they develop together
into a single, large fruit, as in
aggregate fruits.
Examples: pineapple, fig, and
breadfruit
 B) DRY FRUITS

B) Dry Fruits
Fruits whose mesocarp is definitely dry at
maturity.
Two types of dry fruits
1) Dry, dehiscent fruits
2) Dry, indehiscent fruits
 B) DRY FRUITS
1) Dry, dehiscent fruits
Fruits are distinguished from one
another by the manner in which
they split.
A. Capsule
A more-than-one-carpelled fruit
with 2 or more placentae.
There are several types of
capsule.
They split in a variety of ways.
Examples: banaba, poppy, and
cotton
B. Legume
A one-carpelled fruit splitting
along two sides.
This is also called a pod.
Examples: beans, pea, ipil-ipil,
and peanut
 B) DRY FRUITS
1) Dry, dehiscent
fruits
C. Silique
A long, two-locular fruit
splitting, with each half
separating from the
other, leaving a thin
septum.
Examples: cabbage,
pechay, mustard, and
radish
D. Follicle
One-carpel fruit splitting
only along one side.
Examples: calachuchi,
milkweed, and magnolia
 B) DRY FRUITS
2) Dry, indehiscent fruits
In this type of dry fruit, the single
seed is fused or attached in
varying degrees to the pericarp.
Fruits do not split open upon
maturity.
A. Achene
A one-seeded fruit with the seed
connected to the pericarp only at
one endpoint.
Examples: sunflower, zinnia and
cosmos
B. Caryopsis
A one-seeded fruit with the seed
united to the pericarp by all
sides.
Examples: all members of the
grass family, maize, wheat, rice
and barley
 B) DRY FRUITS
2) Dry, indehiscent fruits
C. Samara
The pericarp around the seed
extends out in the form of a wing
or membrane, which helps in the
dispersal.
Examples: narra, mahogany, and
maple
D. Schizocarp
A fruit made up of two or more
one-seeded carpels that separate
from each other when dry.
Examples: carrot and anise
E. Nut
One-seeded fruit similar to
achenes but are generally larger
and whose pericarp is much
harder and thicker.
Examples: acorns, hazelnuts,
chestnuts, and pili nuts