EC612 Analog IC Design

Fundaments of
MOSFET device behaviour
Device modeling (model and DRC rules related to
technology)
Back end EDA tools for simulation and verification
Design equation
Pre and post layout simulation
Device and interconnect Parasitics and effects
Design variability

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 Design and simulation of
Current mirrors
Voltage references and regulators
Single stage amplifiers , differential and
operational amplifiers
Comparators

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 The Integrated Circuit (IC)
An IC consists of interconnected electronic components in a
single piece (chip) of semiconductor material.
In 1958, Jack S. Kilby In 1959, Robert Noyce
(Texas Instruments) (Fairchild Semiconductor)
showed that it was demonstrated an IC made in
possible to fabricate a silicon using SiO2 as the
simple IC in germanium. insulator and Al for the
metallic interconnects.

The first planar IC

(actual size: 0.06 in. diameter)
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 From a Few, to Billions
By connecting a large number of components, each
performing simple operations, an IC that performs very
complex tasks can be built.
The degree of integration has increased at an exponential
pace over the past ~40 years.
The number of devices on a chip doubles Intel Pentium4 Processor

every ~18 months, for the same price.

Moores Law still holds today. 1 Gb
1,000,000,000
256M
64M
100,000,000
16M
10,000,000 4M Pentium III & IV
1M PentiumII
1,000,000 Pentium
256K 80486
64K 80386
100,000
16K 80286
8086
10,000
1K 4K

1,000 4044 8080

300mm Si wafer
71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20

Intel CPU DRAM

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 EECS 105 in the Grand Scheme
Example electronic system: cell phone

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 Objectives

Analog circuits deal with continuous time

signals.
You design analog circuit to generate, detect,
measure, amplify, attenuate or filter a signal
that resembles signals exist naturally (hence
the name analog), such as a sound wave or a
temperature curve.

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 Objectives
Digital circuits deal with discrete time
quantities with only two values: 0 and 1. You
design digital circuits to do mathematical
analysis and logic processing based on
Boolean Algebra.
Mixed-signal circuits go in between analog
and digital, deal with analog to digital and
digital to analog conversion, which requires
engineers from both disciplines to work
together,
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 Digital or Analog Signal?

X1(t) is operating at 100Mb/s and X2(t) is operating at 1Gb/s.

A digital signal operating at very high frequency is very
analog.

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 Circuit Simulation using SPICE
Read tutorial posted on EE105 lab website!
3
* Example netlist
Q1 1 2 0 npnmod
1
2
R1 1 3 1k
Vdd 3 0 3v SPICE
.tran 1u 100u

0
stimulus netlist response

SPICE = Simulation Program with IC Emphasis

Invented at Berkeley (released in 1972)
.DC: Find the DC operating point of a circuit
.TRAN: Solve the transient response of a circuit (solve a system of
generally non-linear ordinary differential equations via adaptive time-
step solver)
.AC: Find steady-state response of circuit to a sinusoidal excitation
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 Knowledge

Analog circuit designer knows about

semiconductor technology, semiconductor
physics, semiconductor device physics,
electrical circuit theory, control and feedback.
Digital circuit designer knows about Boolean
algebra, linear algebra, digital signal
processing, synchronous and asynchronous
system.

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 Skills

Analog circuit designer needs to be familiar with EDA

tools such as: SPICE (and its variants SPECTRE,
HSPICE etc.) for circuit simulation, schematic and
layout editor tools such as Virtuoso and Galaxy.
Digital circuit designer needs to be able to use
behavior level design language such as Verilog or
HDL, needs to be able to simulate with RTL level
netlists, needs to be able to perform synthesis with
Design Compiler, needs to be able to run timing
analysis to sign-off.

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 Deliverables

Analog designer designs amplifiers, oscillators,

continuous time filters, mixers, power supply
regulators, A/D converters, D/A converters.
Digital designer designs logic gates, latches,
counters, adders, multipliers, FIR filters, micro-
controllers.

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