The document summarizes the manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals. It discusses that pharmaceutical manufacturing began in the 9th century with the discovery of potent medicinal compounds. The process involves primary production of active ingredients through chemical synthesis, fermentation, or extraction, and secondary processing into administered forms like tablets, capsules, and liquids. Key steps are weighing and mixing raw materials, chemical reactions in batch reactors, microorganism growth, extraction from natural sources, sieving, milling, blending, granulation, tablet pressing, coating, and drying before final filling and packaging.
The document summarizes the manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals. It discusses that pharmaceutical manufacturing began in the 9th century with the discovery of potent medicinal compounds. The process involves primary production of active ingredients through chemical synthesis, fermentation, or extraction, and secondary processing into administered forms like tablets, capsules, and liquids. Key steps are weighing and mixing raw materials, chemical reactions in batch reactors, microorganism growth, extraction from natural sources, sieving, milling, blending, granulation, tablet pressing, coating, and drying before final filling and packaging.
The document summarizes the manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals. It discusses that pharmaceutical manufacturing began in the 9th century with the discovery of potent medicinal compounds. The process involves primary production of active ingredients through chemical synthesis, fermentation, or extraction, and secondary processing into administered forms like tablets, capsules, and liquids. Key steps are weighing and mixing raw materials, chemical reactions in batch reactors, microorganism growth, extraction from natural sources, sieving, milling, blending, granulation, tablet pressing, coating, and drying before final filling and packaging.
PHARMCEUTICALS DR. OJEWUMI M.E The earliest form of medicinal plants and minerals are those of the ancient Chinese, Hindu and Mediterranen civilisations.
Pharmaceutical practice improved in the early 16th and
17th Centuries, with the first pharmacopoeia (list of drugs and medicinal chemicals with directions for use) appearing in 1546. INTRODUCTION TO MANUFAACTURING OF PHARMACEUTICALS The modern pharmaceutical industry began in the 9th century with the discovery of highly active medicinal compounds, which were then manufactured on large scale, replacing the herbal medicines of earlier times.
The pharmaceutical industry includes the manufacture,
extraction, processing, purification, and packaging of chemical materials to be used as medications for humans or animals. ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN MANUFACTURING PROCESS There are two processes involved: Primary process: It is the extraction and production of the active ingredient from its sources. Examples are organic synthesis, biological processing, extraction of animal and vegetable substances and inorganic chemical preparation.
Secondary process: the conversion of the active
ingredient into products suitable for administration. MAIN PHARMACEUTICAL GROUPS MANUFACTURED Proprietary Ethical Products; these are drugs that are prescribed only with written instructions from the doctor
General Ethical Products; these are basically standard
prescriptions. They re made to a recognized formula that are specified in standard industry reference books.
Over The Counter (OTC) or non-prescription products;
they are drugs sold without prescriptions. They are drugs selected by regulatory agency with ingrediets that are safe and effective when used. PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS The drugs come in the form of: Tablets or powder Capsule Liquids Creams Aerosols Injectables PRIMARY PROCESSES Primary processes includes Chemical Synthesis, Fermentation and Extraction. Organic chemical synthesis reaction usually involves the weighing and mixing of raw materials CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS and transference into batch reactors
The utilization of the growth of micro-organisms
under controlled process. It can either be aerobic FERMENTATION or anaerobic
This is done by extraction from natural and
biological sources such as plants, animal glands EXTRACTION and parasitic fungi. SECONDARY PROCESSES - SIEVING AND MIXING AND WEIGHING MILLING BLENDING
Advance Phytochemical Screening of Active Phytocontents of Linum Usitatissimum and Guizotia Abyssinica Plant Seeds in Spectrometry A Study of Comparative Properties
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology