Shell Momentum Balance and Velocity Distribution in

Laminar Flow

Instructor: Prof. Basim Abu-Jdayil

Student Name Amel Mousa Mohamed Al Darmaki

Student ID 200914315
Outline

Flow Through An Annulus

Flow of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluid

SHELL MOMENTUM BALANCES

Assumptions

Steady state No accumulation

Laminar Flow Velocity = f(one direction)

Newtonian fluid Constant viscosity

SHELL MOMENTUM BALANCES

The law of conservation of momentum:

where:

m
 5
Procedure to solve
4 Momentum
3 balance
Direction
2 of gravity
Direction of force
1 momentum
Direction transfer
of fluid
Coordinate flow 10
system
9
Integrate
8
Newtons B.C.
7 law of
Integrate viscosity
6 B.C.
Definition
of
Divide all derivative
constants
Flow Through An Annulus

Applications

Fig: double pipeHeat Exchanger

Flow Through An Annulus

PL

There is pressure
drop

Incompressible
fluid flowing upward

Po
Flow Through An Annulus

1. Cylindrical coordinate system

2. Fluid flow: z-direction ()

3. Momentum transfer: r-direction

and

Molecular stress

Convective stress

Flow Through An Annulus

Molecular stress

Convective stress

A= 2rL
Combined momentum:

4. Gravity force

V=
Flow Through An Annulus

Pressure force:
A=

5. A momentum balance

6. Divide out by
Flow Through An Annulus

7. Use the definition of the derivative

Modified pressure:
Flow Through An Annulus

8. Integrate

Boundary condition:

Flow Through An Annulus
9. Insert Newtons law of viscosity

10. Integrate
Flow Through An Annulus

10. Integrate

Boundary condition:

no-slip condition

r=kR Vz=0

=
Flow Through An Annulus

Momentum flux distribution

Velocity distribution

Flow Through An Annulus

Maximum velocity (r=R)

Average velocity
Flow Through An Annulus
Mass rate of flow:
(1-)

Force exerted by the fluid on the solid surfaces

r=kR r=R
Flow Through An Annulus

Valid for Laminar flow

Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

Fig: Flow of two immiscible fluids between a pair of horizontal plates under
the influence of a pressure gradient

http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/AdjacentFlowOfTwoImmiscibleFluids/
 Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

Twoimmiscible, incompressible liquids are flowing in the z direction in a

horizontal thin slit of length L and width W

pressure gradient()/L.

The fluid flow rates are adjusted so that the slit is half filled with fluid I (the
more dense phase) and half filled with fluid II (the less dense phase).
 Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

Fig: Control volume for Flow of two immiscible fluid between a pair of horizontal
plates
Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

1. Cartesian coordinate system

2. Fluid flow: z-direction )

3. Momentum transfer: x-direction

and

Molecular stress

Convective stress

Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

Molecular stress

Convective stress

Combined momentum :

Pressure force:
4.
Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids
5. A momentum balance

6. Divide out by

7. Use the definition of the derivative

Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

7. Use the definition of the derivative

8. Integrate

Boundary condition:

fluid-fluid interface:
Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

9. Insert Newtons law of viscosity

10. Integrate
Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids
10. Integrate

Boundary condition:
No slip boundary condition :
B.C. 2: at x = 0, =
B.C. 3: at x = -b, =0
B.C. 4: at x = +b, =0
Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

Momentum flux distribution

Velocity distribution
Flow Of Two Adjacent Immiscible Fluids

Average velocity in each layer