Protection Application Busbar Protection

Handbook
ABB Group - 1 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection

Need for Bus bar protection

in its absence fault clearance takes place in Zone-II ofdistance

relay by remote end tripping
This means slow and unselective tripping and wide spread black
out

Effect of delayed clearance

Greater damage at fault point

Indirect shock to connected equipments like shafts of
Generator and windings of transformer.
ABB Group - 2 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Types of Switchgear
Open-air switchgear
Metal enclosed switchgear
Air-insulated
SF6-insulated
ABB Group - 3 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection

Requirements
Short tripping time
Detect internal faults
Stable at external faults
Disconnect only faulty part of bus
Secure against maloperation due to
Auxiliary contact failure
Human mistakes
Faults in secondary circuits
ABB Group - 4 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection

Types of BB Protections
High impedance
Medium impedance
Low impedance
Blockable O/C relay ( For radial systems in distribution
systems)
ABB Group - 5 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
High impedance bus differential relay
Basic features

SETTING VR > IF ( RCT + 2 RL)

VK > 2 VR
RL

RCT FOR VR TO BE ZERO FOR

VR EXTERNAL FAULT
A B
nA = nB 1 + RA / ZA
1 + RB / ZB

n = TURNS RATIO
R = RCT + 2 RL
ABB Group - 6 -

Z = MAGNETIZING IMPEDANCE
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Limitations of High impedance differential
relay
Puts stringent requirements on CTs
Need for dedicated CTs
Identical CT ratios , magnetising impedances
Aux CTs not acceptable
Inability to cope with increasing fault levels
ABB Group - 7 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
RADSS medium
impedance relay

T MD IR1
n MD

Ud3

dR

D2 D1

US
ABB Group - 8 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
REB500 - Numerical Busbar ABB Network Partner AG REB 500

and Breaker Failure Protection

C
E

Central Unit

Distributed installation
ABB Network Partner AG REB 500 ABB Network Partner AG REB 500 ABB Network Partner AG REB 500 ABB Network Partner AG REB 500

C C C C
E E E E

Bay Unit Bay Unit Bay Unit Bay Unit

E E
ABB Group - 9 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
REB500 - Numerical Busbar and Breaker Failure Protection

Central installation C

Network Control

Cubicle
Cubicle
SCS/SMS
ABB Group - 10 -

ABB NETWORK CONTROL & PROTECTION

15-Sep-17

REB004aE
 Busbar protection
Advantages of medium/ Low impedance
relays
Free from any need for Identical CT ratios or matched CT s
Other relays can be included in the same CT core
Increasing fault levels have no impact
ABB Group - 11 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Gas Density Detectors

Applicable only in GIS

Usually, gas density detectors give alarm
May require intertrip to remote substations
ABB Group - 12 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection

Blockable O/C relays

ABB Group - 13 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Back-up Protection

System protection

Duplication of local busbar protection

ABB Group - 14 -
15-Sep-17
 ABB Group - 15 -
15-Sep-17
Busbar protection
 Busbar protection
RADSS - Ultrahigh-speed percentage bias
Bus Differential Relay
Protection for buses or short lines
1-3ms fault detection, 8-13ms to trip
Fault sensitivity 20% of rated current
No maximum fault current restrictions
No practical limit to number of circuits to the bus
No dedicated or matched CTs required and
CTs can be of different ratios and manufacture
Long CT leads acceptable- up to 68 ohms
at 5A or 1705 ohms for 1A circuits
Moderately High impedance (165-301 ohms)
in diff circuit.
Selectable percentage restraint slope,
50 to 85%.
ABB Group - 16 -

Compact summation CT version available

Adaptable to different bus configurations
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Busbar arrangements
Single bus single breaker
Single bus with bus sectionaliser
Main and transfer bus
Double bus single breaker with bus coupler
Double bus double breaker
Double bus one and a half breaker
Four breaker mesh
Ring busbar
ABB Group - 17 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
700 A 200 A 500 A

1000/5 200/5 500/5

3.5 A 5A 5A

5/1 5/0.2 5/0.5

0.7 A 0.2 A 0.5 A

Diff. relay
ABB Group - 18 -

RADSS IN SINGLE BUS

15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
SINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH SECTIONALIZING ISOLATOR
BUS - A BUS - B

RADSS RADSS
A B
ABB Group - 19 -
15-Sep-17

# SINGLE ZONE DISCONNECTION UNIT

 Busbar protection
SINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH SECTIONALIZING BREAKER
BUS - A BUS - B

RADSS RADSS
A B
ABB Group - 20 -

# CT DISCONNECTION UNIT
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
SINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH AUX. BUS & CT ON LINE SIDE
MAIN BUS

AUX. BUS
ABB Group - 21 -

RADSS
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
USE OF DIRECTIONAL RELAY IN BC CIRCUIT FOR AUX. BUS SELECTIVITY
MAIN BUS

DIR.
RELAY

AUX. BUS

RS/2
ABB Group - 22 -

RS/2 Rd
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
L1 LX

:3 :4 :3

L1 : 0 LX : 0

AB : 0

:1 :2 :1 :2 :1 :2
A A

B B

:1 :2 :4 :1 :2

DA
ABB Group - 23 -

DB
15-Sep-17

TYPE AB
 Busbar protection
REQUIREMENTS ON THE ISOLATOR AUXILIARY CONTACTS

Isolator Aux. Contact a should

close before the primary contact
a b closes and
Aux contact b closes after the
primary contact opens.
O C Throw-over relay

0% 100%

Main
contact

Aux.
Contact
a
ABB Group - 24 -

Aux.
Contact
b
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
DOUBLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH TRANSFER BUS
BUS - A

BUS - B

AUX. BUS
ABB Group - 25 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
APPLICATION OF RADSS TO ABC BUS CONFIGURATION

AUX CTs FOR RATIO CORRECTION

CHANGEOVER RELAYS FOR CT & TRIP CIRCUITS

SINGLE ZONE RECONNECTION UNIT TO CONNECT TWO

ZONES TO SINGLE ZONE WHEN BOTH BUSES ARE
INTERCONNECTED THROUGH ISOLATORS.

BUS COUPLER CT DISCONNECTION UNIT FOR FAULT

BETWEEN BUS COUPLER BREAKER AND CT

DIRECTIONAL RELAYS FOR FAULTS ON TRANSFER BUS

ABB Group - 26 -

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAYS

15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
1- BREAKER SYSTEM

RADSS - A

L1 L3 L5

BUS - A

BUS - B

L2 L4 L6
ABB Group - 27 -

RADSS - B
15-Sep-17
 CBIP manual on Protection
of Generators, generator Bus bar protection
transformers and 220kV
and 400 kV networks
ABB Group - 28 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
1.0 GENERAL

Bus bar protection is provided for high speed sensitive clearance

of bus bar faults by tripping all the circuit breakers connected to
faulty bus

Recommendations for providing bus bar protection at different

voltage levels are as follows:

(i) Bus bar protection must be provided in all new 400kV and 220kV
substations as well as generating station switchyards.

(ii) For existing substations, provision of bus bar protection is

considered must at 400kV level and at 220kV level.

In case of radially fed 220kV substations, having more than one bus
it is desirable to have bus bar protection but is not a must.
ABB Group - 29 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
2.0 Special Comments

2.1

The D.C. supply for bus bar protection shall be from an independent
feeder

2.2

Faults lying between C.B and C.T. shall be cleared from one side by
opening of C.B on bus bar protection operation

However clearing of fault from other side shall be through breaker

failure protection/back up protection
ABB Group - 30 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
2.3

3 Phase trip relays shall be provided for each circuit breaker which
shall also initiate B.F.P. of concerned breaker

2.4

Length of secondary leads should be kept as minimum as possible.

Where lead runs are excessive, an increase in wire size or use of

parallel conductors are meant to reduce lead resistance

2.5

In case of existing substations where current transformers are of

different ratios, biased type differential protection is recommended
for use
ABB Group - 31 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
3.0 Setting Criteria

3.1

C.T wire supervision relays should be set with a sensitivity such that
they can detect C.T secondary open circuit even in case of least
loaded feeder

3.2

Bus bar differential protection should have overall sensitivity above

heaviest loaded feeder current unless a separate check zone has
been provided

In case where faults currents are expected to be low, the protection

should be sensitive enough to take care of such expected low fault
ABB Group - 32 -

current
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
3.3

In case of voltage operated high impedance type protection, the

voltage setting should be above expected voltage developed across
the relay during maximum through fault current condition

In case of current operated relays for stability under through fault

condition, external resistance is to be set such that voltage
developed across relay and resistance combination is below the
voltage required for forcing required relay operating current
ABB Group - 33 -
15-Sep-17
 CBIP manual on Reliable
fault Clearance and Back- Busbar Protection
UP Protection for EHV
and UHV Transmission
Network
ABB Group - 34 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars
In the above paragraphs some important application
aspects connected with bus bar protection and some
recommendations have been brought out, and these
should be considered. A few of these are brought out
below.
A dedicated bus bar protection shall be provided
where security of supply is of paramount importance,
fault current levels are high, and the non-
discriminative fault clearance and relatively slow
clearance times are unacceptable.
ABB Group - 35 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars
Bus bar protections being of unit type, back-up
protection is provided either by duplicating the bus
bar protection, or by reverse zone of line distance
protection, or by time delayed distance relays in the
remote stations, or by directional back-up over
current relays.
Where the main bus bar protection is provided by the
second zone elements of distance relays (i.e., when
no bus bar protection is provided), back-up
protection can be considered as being provided by
ABB Group - 36 -

the 3rd zone elements of distance relays in the more

remote stations.
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars
For substations of high strategic importance or
where the bus arrangements are complex, the
complete bus bar protection should be fully
duplicated.
In cases where the burn-through time of SF6
switchgear is considered to be shorter than the
tripping time from remote back-up protection, then
also the bus bar protection must be duplicated.
High impedance bus bar protection is not
recommended when CT ratios are different and for
ABB Group - 37 -

complex bus bar arrangements.

15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars
As per the current practice bus bar protection is
provided for all substations at 765kV, 400kV, 220 kV
and for generating station switchyards. No change is
proposed in this practice. Reference may be made to
CBIP Manual No 274 Protection of Generators,
Transformers and 220kV and 400kV Networks
which gives details of current practices followed.
ABB Group - 38 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars
For 132 kV substations too, it is recommended that
bus bar protection be provided, since failure to clear
a bus fault in a short time may lead to wide spread
tripping. The type of bus bar protection scheme
recommended for 132 kV system will depend upon
the quantum of power handled and the attendant
risks for loss of power supply and consequential
revenue loss.
ABB Group - 39 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars
Many a times, periodic testing of bus bar protection
to check the healthiness of the relay and associated
circuits is difficult since shutdowns of the substations
or bus bars are not easily available. Thus the
problems, if any, in the protection or in the
associated circuits, gets discovered only when a fault
takes place and either the relay fails to operate or
has operated inadvertently.
ABB Group - 40 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars
With modern numerical relays where self supervision
and on line monitoring of the relay and associated
circuits are possible, the task of testing gets
simplified considerably and these may be preferred
for this reason. The application of Numerical Relays
for bus bar protection therefore assumes a special
status.
Duplication of bus bar protection is recommended in
all substations where failure to operate may cause
disturbances in the grid
ABB Group - 41 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars

For the 400kV and 765 kV substations that fall in this

class of substations, duplication of bus bar protection
is strongly recommended. It may be noted that even
those 400 kV substations, which do not fall in this
category initially, may become critical in future as the
system grows. In view of constraints in adding a
second bus bar protection at a later date, duplication
may be considered desirable from the initial stage
itself.
ABB Group - 42 -
15-Sep-17
 Busbar protection
Bus bars
In view of continuing thrust on station automation
and SCADA application, the preference towards
Numerical Protection schemes for all the elements of
a substation becomes quite beneficial.
ABB Group - 43 -
15-Sep-17
 ABB Group - 44 -
15-Sep-17
Busbar protection