3-Line Distance Protection IED REL 670

Substation Automation Products
REL670 Line Distance

Protection IED
ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2006
2006-04-19 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

1
Contents
Introduction
REL670 functionality
Distance protection in REL670
Additional protection functions
Control & Supervision functions
Summary

2
Main application
Line distance protection
terminal for:
All voltage levels
Directly earthed networks
Isolated / impedance earthed
networks
OH-lines & Cables
Double circuit lines
Single-, two- or three pole trip
Back up Protection Reactor

3
Main Characteristics
Line IED for protection,

monitoring and control
Building block in Substation
Automation Systems
Completely full scheme
Functional flexibility
Configuration flexibility
Extensive self- supervision

4
Contents
Introduction
REL670 functionality
Control and Supervision functions
Communications and Tools
Summary

5
Protection functions
Current reversal & WEI logic for earth fault (EFCA)

Scheme communication for earth fault (EFC)
4 stage earth fault protection (TEF)
Instantaneous non-dir residual O/C (IEF)
and phase overcurrent protection (IOC)
Time delayed 4 stage O/C protection (TOC)
Current reversal & weak-end infeed (ZCAL)
Scheme communication logic, (ZCOM)
Power swing detection, (PSD)
Local acceleration logic (PLAL)
Automatic switch onto fault (SOFT)

Distance protection (ZM, GFPS)

6
Protection functions
General current & voltage measuring function,

1 or 2 CB, (GF)
Two stage time delayed residual over-voltage,
1 or 2 CB, (TRV)
Two stage time delayed over-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TOV)
Two stage time delayed under-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TUV)
Pole-discordance, 1 or 2 CB, (PD)
Stub protection, 2 CB, (STB)
Breaker failure protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP)
Thermal overload protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP)
Distance protection with Mho characteristic

7
Supervision and Control functions
Apparatus control, single bay max 8 apparatuses
Autorecloser for 1, 2 &/or 3 ph, single, 1 or double CB, (AR)

Synchrocheck & energizing check, 1,1 or double CB, (SYN)
Fuse failure supervision, 1or 2 CB (FFD)
Current circuit supervision, 1 or 2 CB (CCS)

8
Contents
Introduction
Functionality
Main features in REL670
Control and Supervision functions
Summary

12
Typical operate time: One cycle

Full scheme with simultaneous
measurement in each loop and
advanced phase selection
Very low requirement of time to
saturation for CTs including
maximum remanence
Complete software library for all
applications
Full Bay control functionality
available(Option).

13
Contents
Introduction
Functionality
Other protection functions
Control and monitoring functions
Summary

14
Distance Protection algorithm
Measuring algorithm
Same reliable
algorithm as REL5xx
I
XS XL RL
U
X . di
u = i .R + .
o dt

15
Export and import of load
A B
Export Import
ZL
Um Um No compensation
Z< Z<
Adaptive
Export compensation Import
X X
ZL
R
R

17
Distance Protection in REL 670

18
Combination of ZD & ZM

19
Combination of Directional Characteristic & Load Area

20
ZM: Operation characteristic for Ph-Ph loops
jX ( / phase)
RFPP/2 Characteristic for Ph-Ph loops
R1 RFPP/2
Fault resistance for reverse

direction is defined from the Y-
ArgNegRes
X1
axes
Few setting parameters = easy
L
handling
R ( / phase)
ArgDir
Setting parameters for forward
direction in blue
X1
R1+RFPP/2 RFPP/2

21
ZM:Operating characteristic Ph-E
Quadrilateral characteristic
improves sensitivity
Independent setting of:
Reactive reach direction
Resistive reach direction
Directionality

22
ZM: Setting parameters
Setting parameters for measuring zones:
Positive sequence resistive reach:
R1 (/phase)
Positive sequence reactive reach:
X1 (/phase)
Zero sequence resistive reach:

R0 (/phase)
Zero sequence reactive reach:
X0 (/phase)
Fault resistance for phase-phase fault:

RFPP (/loop)
Fault resistance for phase-earth fault:
RFPE (/loop)

23
ZM: Setting parameters
Each zone can

be set On/Off
be set NonDir/ Forw/Rev
For each zone
The Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loops can individually be set On/Off
Individual timers for Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loop
Both Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loops have a settable
minimum operating current IMinOpPP, respective
IMinOpPE and IMinOpIN

24
Phase selection (PS)
The main objective is

To release the Measuring zones for phase selective tripping
To give indication of faulty phase(s)
To ensure secure operation of the phase selector in
case of combination of line to earth fault and phase to
phase fault
There is a check of the relation between IN and Iph which
is used to release the correct fault loop

25
Phase Selection
Phase to earth fault Phase to phase fault

X /loop X /phase
RFRvPE Kr? X1 RFFwPE RFRvPP/2 Kr? X1 RFFwPP/2
X1+XN X1
60 deg 60 deg
R
/loop R /phase
X1+XN Kr = 1 /tan(60) X1 Kr = 1 / tan(60)
60 deg 60 deg
RFRvPE Kr? X1 RFFwPE RFRvPP/2 Kr? X1 RFFwPP/2


26
Load encroachment
X ZM4
ZM3
Maximum Load Angle
ZM2
ZM1
LOAD

R
TRIP ZM4
ZM5
Fault Resistance
(RFPE, RFPP/2)
Minimum Load Resistance

28
Load encroachment
Load encroachment allows

"Phase selection"
"quadrilateral" zone
better fault resistance
Distance measuring zone coverage without
interference with load
Releases the measuring
zones including the phase
Load encroachment
characteristic selection for phase
selective tripping
Resultant Characteristic
Directional line

29
Contents
Introduction
Functionality
Other protection functions
Control and monitoring functions
Summary

30
4-step Earth fault protection (TEF)
Four stage Earth overcurrent.

IF Each stage can be set Off, Non-
directional, Forward or Reverse
Each stage can be Definite- or
Inverse time delayed.
Taylor made curve is available
Each stage can be blocked from
second harmonic inrush currents.
UL1+UL2+UL3 Directional polarizing from calculated
UL1+UL2+UL3 or by external Open
IN> delta to a separate Analogue input.


31
Distance protection - Communication schemes
Permissive system
The communication schemes are
A B of two basic types:
Permissive schemes, where a
permissive condition to trip is
Z< sent. Gives high security but lower
Z<
dependability.
underreaching,
Carrier send CS = Z< Forward, under- or overreach
overreaching,
Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received
Blocking schemes, where a
blocking signal preventing
Blocking system "instantaneous tripping" is sent.
A B Gives high
dependability but lower security.
Z< Z<
Carrier send CS = Z< Reverse zone

_____________
Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received &T0

32
Permissive Under reaching Scheme - PUTT

33
Permissive Over reaching Scheme - POTT

34
Blocking Over reaching Scheme

35
Distance protection - Unblocking schemes
Permissive system
The loss of communication
A B
guard is considered equal to a
received signal and accelerate
21 21
the tripping
Z< Z<
Continuously
Carrier send CS = Z< Forward, under or overreach During a time window
Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received
or Loss of PLC Guard signal. The signal PLC Guard is
connected to the GRG input in
ZCOM logic.

36
Local acceleration logic
Features
Instantaneous trips for faults on the whole line length
without telecommunication
Operation mode zone extension
An overreaching zone allows to trip instantaneous
Operation mode loss of load
An overreaching zone allows to trip instantaneous if
the current in one or two phases get low
Selective trip at auto reclosing

37
Current reversal logic
21 21 21 21
Z< Z< Z< Z<
21 21 21 21
CS CR CS CR?
Z< Z< Z< Z<
ZM2
CR
& Trip
60
ZM3R &
40
Carrier
&
send

38
Weak-End Infeed
L1N/L2N
A Forw L1N/L2N B
L1N
G Z< Z<
G
WEI
Z< Z<
WEI
For cases when one side has a weak, or non-existant source a WEI logic is
advantageous.
Strong side will send Permissive OVERREACH signal.
At Weak-end the signal received will be
mirrored back on detection of low voltage to accelerate the strong end
tripping
Tripping with local undervoltage (Ph-Ph, Ph-E) check logic

39
ZCAL / ZCOM Principle of the Interaction

40
Power swing detection

41

42
Power Swing detection is based

on the measurement of the time for
the transient impedance to pass
between the outer and inner
impedance characteristic Power
Swing Detection function block.
This signal will block impedance
protection .

43
Based on the same

jX ZL
principles as REL5xx
X1InFw * KLdRFw
but:
X1InFw
Load encroachment
R1FInRv R1FInFw algorithm introduced
R1FInRv * KLdRRv
L
L Allows better fault
KLdRRv*RLdOutRv ARGLd resistance coverage
without interference with
RLdOutRv
L load
RLdOutFw
KLdRFw*RLdOutFw
R
R1LIn
X1InRv
X1InRv * KLdRRv

44
SOTF

45
Switch On To Fault (SOTF)
A basic protection function which enables
U=0 V instantaneous trip at closing of breaker.
Z< Non directional to cover zero voltage due
to forgotten earthing switch
jX ( / phase)
Two versions:
Zone2 or Zone3
A binary input (bc) which releases
Zone1 the SOTF overreaching zone at
breaker closing command
ArgNegRes
Internal measurement detects that
no voltage and no current is
available for a certain time(DLD).
L The instantaneous, non directional
measurement is then activated
R ( / phase) internally.
ArgDir
An overreaching zone shall be used

to allow operation also at AR
achieving trip for all line faults

46
SOTF

47
SOTF

48
STUB protection
Instantaneous overcurrent
protection of busbar
connection (STUB) when a
line disconnector is open
Required in Multi-breaker
arrangements with CVT
(VT) on line side of DS
Z< (21) function cannot
measure when line
disconnector is open and
must be blocked.
Line discon. 25 ms
open
& Trip
I STUB >

49
Fuse Failure Supervision
Measuring quantities are selectable

between:
IL zero sequence voltage and
current:
U0 > Uref and I0 = 0
negative sequence voltage and
current:
Sudden change in current and
voltage:
>Z DI/Dt and DU/Dt

Programmable influence on the
operation of zone measuring elements
MCB & Disconnector Status

50
Fuse Failure Supervision
dU/dt U0 > Uref and I0 = 0
Breaker closed Enable

<1 fuse
failure
dI/dt I>
dU/dt
&
dI/dt
Main Section

51
Single Pole Tripping
Simultaneous and independent
measurement for all fault loops
in separate phase selectors is
T R necessary for correct phase
R S
selection and single pole tripping
because:
S T Line faults represent 85% of all
faults in power systems
75% of the line faults are single
phase to earth faults
5% of the line faults are evolving
faults
80-95% are transient.

52
Auto-Reclosing
Input signals typical
connections
CB ready
CB closed
From high priority AR

53
Auto Reclosing
Single-/ Two-/ Three-phase reclosing programs
Program 1st attempt 2nd attempt 3rd and 4st attempt
1 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase
2 1/2/3 phase 1 phase 3 phase 3 phase
2 phase 3 phase 3 phase
3 1/2 phase 1 phase 3 phase 3 phase
4 1/2 phase 1 phase 3 phase 3 phase
(No 3 phase) 2 phase ---- ----
(No 3 phase) 2 phase 3 phase 3 phase
3 phase ---- ----
(No 3 phase for 2 phase ---- ----
2 & 3 phase
fault) 3 phase ---- ----

54
Auto-Reclosing new in REx670
Start Quick AR without

synchrocheck
Skip a step and continue

with next (at multiple shots)
Put AR on hold e.g. waiting

for Thermal relays to reset
to have less sag before
reclosing

56
Energizing Check
UA
UB
B
A ILoad
Inductive and Capacitive

charging of dead line
Uhigh
27
SC/VC
The dead line and Live bus
Ulow conditions are checked.
Uhigh and Ulow are verified

57
Synchronism Check
UA
UB
B
A ILoad
UAL Icap
25
d
SC/VC
dU
Paralleling (synchronism
conditions are checked
, f, U and Uhigh are within
set values

58
Synchrocheck function
U-Bus
U-Line
Energizing check
U High voltage U> 50-120% of Ub
Low voltage U< 10- 80% of Ub
Operate time 80 ms (typical)
Paralleling (Synchronism) Check

Frequency difference f < 3-1000mHz
Voltage difference U < 2 - 50 % of Ub
Phase difference < 5 - 90o
Operate time 80 ms (typical)
SYNC U-Bus
Line
reference
Accuracy of frequency measurement
BLOCK Fuse fail voltage
about 0,5 mHz!

59
Synchrocheck Function block
Block inputs Conditions for AR

Conditions for Man close
DS Bus 1 at DB arrangement
Test conditions fulfilled
DS Bus 2 at DB arrangement
DS Line at 1 1/2 arrangement Fuse fail on sel fuse

Information that the voltage
DS alt Line at 1 1/2 arrangement is included in the
synchrocheck
Bus1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK
Information that the
Bus2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK conditions for voltage, diff
voltage phase angle diff etc
Line 1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK
are fulfilled
Line 2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK
Test mode inputs

60
Synchrocheck Voltage selection
1U B1Q B2Q
1U
UB1 UB2
SYN1
ULN1
3U
1U
1U
IED
UB1 UB2
SYN1 SYN2
ULN1
LN1Q
3U

61
IED 1 3U IED 1U
1U ULN1
UB2
UB1
SYN1 SYN1 B1Q 3U
LN1Q
1U
IED 2
SYN1 1U SYN2
1U
1U
IED 3
LN2Q
SYN1 B2Q 1 U ULN2 UB2
1U 1U
3U

62
REC670 1U
SYN1 3U
SYN2
SYN3 3U
1U

63
Summary
Platform of products for all type of

objects.
Increased user friendliness with
common PC tool box
Configuration flexibility
Pre-defined user-friendly packages
Serial communication flexibility for
easy integration in Substation
Automation Systems
New IEC61850-8-1 Station Bus
Extensive self-supervision allows
minimal scheduled maintenance.
Improved tool communication speed

64

3-Line Distance Protection IED REL 670

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Substation Automation Products

REL670 Line Distance

2006-04-19 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Line IED for protection,

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Current reversal & WEI logic for earth fault (EFCA)

Automatic switch onto fault (SOFT)

Distance protection (ZM, GFPS)

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

General current & voltage measuring function,

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Apparatus control, single bay max 8 apparatuses

Autorecloser for 1, 2 &/or 3 ph, single, 1 or double CB, (AR)

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Typical operate time: One cycle

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Fault resistance for reverse

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Zero sequence resistive reach:

Fault resistance for phase-phase fault:

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Each zone can

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

The main objective is

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Phase to earth fault Phase to phase fault

RFRvPE Kr? X1 RFFwPE RFRvPP/2 Kr? X1 RFFwPP/2

X1+XN Kr = 1 /tan(60) X1 Kr = 1 / tan(60)

RFRvPE Kr? X1 RFFwPE RFRvPP/2 Kr? X1 RFFwPP/2

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Load encroachment allows

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Four stage Earth overcurrent.

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Carrier send CS = Z< Reverse zone

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Z< Z< Z< Z<

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Tripping with local undervoltage (Ph-Ph, Ph-E) check logic

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348

Power Swing detection is based

2006-12-05 Substation Automation Products SA2006-000348